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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Water

Sec. Environmental Water Quality

Volume 7 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/frwa.2025.1636421

This article is part of the Research TopicPost-Fire Impacts on Watershed Water Quality and HydrologyView all articles

Propagation of Nutrients and Metals After the 2022 Hermit's Peak Calf Canyon Gigafire

Provisionally accepted
Asmita  KaphleAsmita Kaphle1Lina  RodríguezLina Rodríguez1Paige  TunbyPaige Tunby1Justin  NicholsJustin Nichols1Aashish  KhandelwalAashish Khandelwal1Eric  JosephEric Joseph1Jennifer  AldredJennifer Aldred2David  James Van HornDavid James Van Horn1Ricardo  Gonzalez-PinzonRicardo Gonzalez-Pinzon1*
  • 1University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, United States
  • 2New Mexico Highlands University, Las Vegas, United States

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

The increasing severity and frequency of wildfires in forested watersheds pose significant challenges to water quality management. This study examines the impacts of the 2022 Hermit's Peak-Calf Canyon gigafire, the largest wildfire in New Mexico's history. The wildfire burned over 1,382 km², affecting a key watershed that supplies drinking water to Las Vegas, NM. We conducted a longitudinal assessment of post-fire water quality dynamics across a 170 km fluvial network, analyzing flow, water quality parameters, nutrient and metal concentrations, and mobilization patterns. We found that post-fire nutrient concentrations exceeded pre-fire medians by up to two orders of magnitude. Our analyses revealed solutespecific transport patterns that are difficult to predict with static watershed-or fire-specific characteristics (e.g., burned area and percent severities). NH₄⁺, PO₄³⁻, and NO₂⁻ were closely and positively associated with discharge and turbidity near the burn perimeter, while NO₃⁻ and TON exhibited strong mobilization trends ~170 km downstream. In contrast to nutrients, calcium, magnesium, and manganese levels showed no significant pre-vs. post-fire shifts, while concentrations of trace metals like Cr³⁺, Pb²⁺, Zn²⁺, and Sr²⁺ surpassed background levels and public health thresholds. Our findings emphasize the significant propagation of wildfire disturbances over hundreds of kilometers and suggest the need for integrated watershed management strategies, including the management of large-scale flood control mechanisms to mitigate the far-reaching impacts of water quality disturbances post-fire.

Keywords: Wildfire, Nutrients, Metals, Fluvial network, River corridor

Received: 27 May 2025; Accepted: 04 Aug 2025.

Copyright: © 2025 Kaphle, Rodríguez, Tunby, Nichols, Khandelwal, Joseph, Aldred, Van Horn and Gonzalez-Pinzon. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

* Correspondence: Ricardo Gonzalez-Pinzon, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, United States

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