The journal retracts the 31 July 2025 article cited above.
Following publication, concerns were raised regarding the citations included and scientific validity of the article. An investigation was conducted in accordance with Frontiers’ policies. The authors failed to provide a satisfactory explanation and as a result, the conclusions of the article have been deemed unreliable and the article has been retracted. This retraction was approved by the Chief Editors of Frontiers in Complex Systems and the Chief Executive Editor of Frontiers. The authors agree to this retraction. Frontiers would like to thank the concerned reader who contacted us regarding the published article.
Summary
Citation
Frontiers Editorial Office (2026) Retraction: Toward a thermodynamic theory of evolution: a theoretical perspective on information entropy reduction and the emergence of complexity. Front. Complex Syst. 4:1808241. doi: 10.3389/fcpxs.2026.1808241
Received
10 February 2026
Accepted
10 February 2026
Published
16 February 2026
Approved by
Andrea Rapisarda, University of Catania, Italy
Volume
4 - 2026
Updates
Copyright
© 2026 Frontiers Editorial Office.
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*Correspondence: Frontiers Editorial Office, research.integrity@frontiersin.org
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