In the published article, there were errors in Figures 1, 2 and Tables 1, 2 as published. The order of the images in Figures 1 and 2 is reversed (the titles are correct, but the sequence of the images is incorrect). The first row of authors and references in Table 1, “Zhong (Zhong et al., 2021),” is incorrect. The correct citation should be “Zhu (Zhu et al., 2019)”. In Table 2, the references in the subgroup analysis for the group under 65, specifically “(Zhu et al., 2019; de Oliveira Otto et al., 2022; Wang et al., 2023)” are incorrect. They should be: “Zhong et al., 2021; Buawangpong et al., 2022; Xu et al., 2022.” The corrected Figures 1, 2 and Tables 1, 2 appear below.
Figure 1
Meta-analysis flow chart.
Figure 2
Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval of plasma trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) levels for cognitive impairment.
Table 1
| References | Year | Country | Study design | Age*, y | Males, % | Population | Exposure | Measurement method of exposure | Source of exposure | Diagnosis of CI | Participants, n | Study period | Hypertension, n (%) | Diabetes, n (%) | Drinking, n (%) | Coronary heart disease, n (%) | Adjusted confounders |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zhu (Zhu et al., 2019) | 2019 | China | Cohort | 67.1 ± 11.0 | 54.3 | Stroke | TMAO | HPLC-MS/MS | Blood | MMSE | 256 | Jan 2017–Dec 2017 | 148 (57.8) | 71 (27.7) | 92 (35.9) | 28 (10.9) | Age, education level, hypertension, diabetes, recurrent stroke, initial NIHSS score, white matter lesions, low density lipoprotein, Hs-CRP, and homocysteine leve; |
| Liu (Liu et al., 2021) | 2021 | China | Cross sectional | N/A | 49.01 | No disease restrictions | Choline | Questionnaire | Dietary | WLS, AF, DSST | 2393 | 2011–2012, 2013–2014 | 1,502 (62.8) | 559 (23.4) | 1,666 (69.6) | N/A | Age, gender, BMI, alcohol consumption, and hypertension; |
| Zhong (Zhong et al., 2021) | 2021 | China | Cohort | 60 ± 10.5 | 70.19 | Stroke | TMAO, Choline, Betaine | UPLC-MS/MS | Blood | MMSE, MoCA | 617 | Aug 2009–May 2013 | 475 (77.0) | 104 (16.9) | N/A | 66 (10.7) | Time from onset to randomization, admission NIHSS score, systolic BP, fasting plasma glucose, estimated glomerular filtration rate, medical history, use of antihypertensive and lipid-lowering medications, ischemic stroke subtype, and randomized treatment. |
| Nida (Buawangpong et al., 2022) | 2022 | Thailand | Cross sectional | 64 ± 8.4 | 45.49 | cardiovascular high risk | TMAO | LC-MS/MS | blood | MoCA | 233 | Apr 2011–Mar 2014 | 195 (83.7) | 156 (67.0) | N/A | N/A | Age, gender, health care service scheme, history of smoking, metabolic syndrome, and history of the established CV event. |
| Marcia (de Oliveira Otto et al., 2022) | 2022 | U.S. | Cohort | 71.6 ± 4.8 | 35 | No disease restrictions | TMAO, Choline, Betaine | LC-MS/MS | Blood | 3MSE, IQCODE, TICS | 3,178 | 1989–1990, 1992–1993 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Red meat intake, fish, total energy consumption, eGFR, prevalent CHD, atrial fibrillation and heart failure. |
| Xu (Xu et al., 2022) | 2022 | China | Cross sectional | 64 (57.8–69) | 51.78 | T2DM | TMAO | HPLC-MS/MS | Blood | MoCA | 253 | Jan 2018–Dec 2020 | 75 (29.6) | 253 (100) | 62 (24.5) | N/A | N/A |
| Wang (Wang et al., 2023) | 2023 | China | Cohort | 77.40 ± 7.88 | 51.6 | TIA | TMAO | LC-MS/MS | Blood | MMSE, MoCA, IQCODE | 310 | Jan 2020–July 2021 | 180 (58.1) | 86 (27.7) | N/A | 26 (8.4) | Age, sex, years of education, baseline NIHSS, intracranial atherosclerosis stenosis, Fazekas score, cortical microinfarcts and focal cerebral hypoperfusion. |
| Torres (Flores-Torres et al., 2022) | 2022 | U.S. | Cohort | N/A | N/A | No disease restrictions | Choline | Questionnaire | Dietary | N/A | 77,501 | 2012–2014, 2008–2012 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Shih (Shih et al., 2024) | 2024 | Taiwan, China | Case- cohort | N/A | N/A | No disease restrictions | Choline | Questionnaire | Dietary | MMSE | 154 | 2019–2024 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Basic characteristics.
CI, cognitive impairment; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; TIA, transient ischemic attack; TMAO, Trimethylamine oxide; HPLC-MS/MS, High performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; UPLC-MS/MS, Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; LC-MS/MS, Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; WLS, the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) Word Learning subset; AF, the Animal Fluency test; DSST, the Digit Symbol Substitution Test; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; IQCODE, Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly; N/A, Not Applicable; TICS, the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status.
Table 2
| Subgroups | Studies, n (references) | OR | 95%CI | P between group | I2, % | P heterogeneity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | 6 (Zhu et al., 2019; Zhong et al., 2021; Buawangpong et al., 2022;de Oliveira Otto et al., 2022; Xu et al., 2022; Wang et al., 2023) | 1.39 | 1.09–1.77 | 60 | 0.02 | |
| Population | ||||||
| Stroke | 2 (Zhu et al., 2019; Zhong et al., 2021) | 1.31 | 0.70–2.45 | 0.78 | 77 | 0.01 |
| Others | 4 (Buawangpong et al., 2022;de Oliveira Otto et al., 2022; Xu et al., 2022; Wang et al., 2023) | 1.44 | 1.19–1.73 | 26 | 0.26 | |
| Design | ||||||
| Cohort study | 4 (Zhu et al., 2019; Zhong et al., 2021;de Oliveira Otto et al., 2022; Wang et al., 2023) | 1.37 | 0.94–1.99 | 0.68 | 67 | 0.02 |
| Cross sectional study | 2 (Buawangpong et al., 2022; Xu et al., 2022) | 1.53 | 1.05–2.23 | 31 | 0.23 | |
| Olds | ||||||
| >65 | 3 (Zhu et al., 2019;de Oliveira Otto et al., 2022; Wang et al., 2023) | 1.9 | 1.04–3.48 | 0.20 | 71 | 0.03 |
| < 65 | 3 (Zhong et al., 2021; Buawangpong et al., 2022; Xu et al., 2022) | 1.23 | 0.91–1.66 | 60 | 0.06 | |
| Males (%) | ||||||
| >50 | 4 (Zhu et al., 2019; Zhong et al., 2021; Xu et al., 2022; Wang et al., 2023) | 1.4 | 1.01–1.94 | 0.83 | 69 | 0.01 |
| < 50 | 2 (Buawangpong et al., 2022; de Oliveira Otto et al., 2022) | 1.51 | 0.82–2.75 | 52 | 0.15 | |
| Diagnose | ||||||
| MMSE | 2 (Zhu et al., 2019; Zhong et al., 2021) | 1.68 | 0.49–5.79 | 0.89 | 87 | < 0.01 |
| MoCA | 3 (Zhong et al., 2021; Buawangpong et al., 2022; Xu et al., 2022) | 1.34 | 0.95–1.87 | 54 | 0.11 | |
| Others | 2 (de Oliveira Otto et al., 2022; Wang et al., 2023) | 1.52 | 0.88–2.64 | 61 | 0.11 | |
| Participants, n | ||||||
| < 250 | 4 (Zhong et al., 2021; Buawangpong et al., 2022; Xu et al., 2022; Wang et al., 2023) | 1.88 | 0.71–4.94 | 0.50 | 81 | 0.02 |
| >250 | 2 (Zhu et al., 2019; de Oliveira Otto et al., 2022) | 1.32 | 0.99–1.76 | 58 | 0.05 | |
Subgroup analysis.
OR, odds ratio; 95% CI, corresponding 95% confidence intervals; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment.
The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.
Statements
Publisher’s note
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Summary
Keywords
trimethylamine oxide, TMAO, circulating concentration, cognitive impairment, meta-analysis
Citation
Long C, Li Z, Feng H, Jiang Y, Pu Y, Tao J and Yue R (2024) Corrigendum: Association of trimethylamine oxide and its precursors with cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front. Aging Neurosci. 16:1519363. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1519363
Received
29 October 2024
Accepted
30 October 2024
Published
19 November 2024
Approved by
Frontiers Editorial Office, Frontiers Media SA, Switzerland
Volume
16 - 2024
Updates
Copyright
© 2024 Long, Li, Feng, Jiang, Pu, Tao and Yue.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: Rensong Yue songrenyue@cdutcm.edu.cn
†These authors have contributed equally to this work
Disclaimer
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.