ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Agron.
Sec. Field Water Management
Volume 7 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fagro.2025.1605713
This article is part of the Research TopicInnovation Irrigation Management to Improve Water Use EfficiencyView all articles
Standardization of irrigation and fertigation schedules for optimizing flower yield, water use efficiency and economic returns in chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) cultivars under semi-arid conditions
Provisionally accepted
Gouthami Basaraveni*
Gurjar DSBramhanand PSTiwari AKMam Chand Singh
Subhash Babu
Shiv Prasad
Jitendra Rajput- Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR), New Delhi, India
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Analyzing soil water and nutrient dynamicsUnderstanding the effects of irrigation levels and nutrient levels on crop production is crucial for the advancement of sustainable agriculture, encompassing crop growth management, soil health preservation, and the strategic use of the input resources. Therefore, This this study assessed the impact of different irrigation and fertigation management practices on yield, water use efficiency (WUE), and economic feasibility in of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) cultivars. The field experiments were carried out during the rabi seasons of 2023–24 and 2024–25 at the Precision Farming Development Centre (PFDC), Water Technology Centre, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. A split-split plot design was adopted, incorporating three experimental factors: two chrysanthemum cultivars (Autumn Pink and Autumn White), three irrigation regimes (0.5 Epan, 0.75 Epan, and 1.0 Epan), and three fertigation levels (50%, 75%, and 100% of the recommended fertilizer dose)., during the rabi seasons of 2023–24 and 2024–25 at the Precision Farming Development Centre (PFDC), Water Technology Centre, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. The experiment was laid out in split-split plot design with three factors: two chrysanthemum cultivars (Autumn Pink and Autumn White), three irrigation levels (0.5 Epan, 0.75 Epan, and 1.0 Epan), and three fertigation schedules (50%, 75%, and 100% of the Rrecommended Ddose of Ffertilizers). The final results revealed that Data recorded on flower yield, water use efficiency, and economic returns, indicated that the Autumn White cultivar consistently outperformed Autumn Pink cultivar in terms of flower yield, water use efficiencyWUE, and economic returns. Among different irrigation regimes, the highest water use efficiencyWUE was observed at in 0.75 Epan irrigation level treatment. , s Similarly, the highest fertigation level (100% RDF) produced the better best results in terms of yield and economic benefits. Economic analysis showed that the treatment combination V2I2F3 (Autumn White + Irrigation at 0.75 Epan + 100% RDF) consistently achieved the higher gross returns, net returns, and profitability across both years and pooled data. This study concludes that , concluded that optimizing irrigation and fertigation strategies, particularly for commercial chrysanthemum cultivars, can significantly improves improve the profitability and sustainability, especially in water-scarce regions.
Keywords: Drip fertigation, Autumn pink and white cultivars, profitability, Water use efficiency, Flower yield
Received: 03 Apr 2025; Accepted: 22 Oct 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Basaraveni, DS, PS, AK, Singh, Babu, Prasad and Rajput. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Gouthami Basaraveni, basaraveni.gouthami123@gmail.com
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