REVIEW article
Front. Allergy
Sec. Therapies and Therapeutic Targets
Volume 6 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/falgy.2025.1639718
This article is part of the Research TopicAdvancing Equity in Allergic Disease Management Through Innovative Clinical StrategiesView all articles
Advancing Equity in Allergy and Immunology: Progress, Pitfalls, and the Path Forward
Provisionally accepted
- 1Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, United States
- 2Division of Allergy/Immunology, University of South Florida at Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, United States
- 3Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States
- 4Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States
- 5Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
- 6Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
- 7Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, United States
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Health disparities in allergic and immunologic conditions are shaped by unequal exposure to social determinants of health (SDoH), including education, healthcare quality, neighborhood and built environment, social context, and economic stability. This review summarizes recent literature on disparities across asthma, food allergy, eosinophilic esophagitis, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, drug allergy, and primary immunodeficiency. Marginalized populations—including Black, Latinx, and low-income individuals—experience delayed diagnoses, limited access to specialist care, underuse of evidence-based therapies, and disproportionate exposure to environmental triggers. The manuscript highlights successful interventions including community health worker–led outreach, school-based programs, housing modifications, and policy reforms addressing affordability, housing, and environmental quality. However, recent cuts to federal agency staffing and funding jeopardize continued progress, threatening public health infrastructure that supports equitable care for many diseases. Sustained investment, interdisciplinary collaboration, and policy-driven strategies remain critical to addressing persistent inequities and improving outcomes in historically underserved communities.
Keywords: Health Disparities, health equity, Asthma, food allergy, atopic dermatitis, Drug allergy, Rhinitis, Primary immunodeficiency
Received: 02 Jun 2025; Accepted: 21 Jul 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Mendez, Akenroye, Nyenhuis and Cardet. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Juan Carlos Cardet, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, United States
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.