CORRECTION article
Front. Allergy
Sec. Rhinology
Volume 6 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/falgy.2025.1679519
The advance on pathophysiological mechanisms of type 2 chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis
Provisionally accepted
- 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Electronic Science and Technology Hospital, Chengdu, China
- 2Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common airway inflammatory disease and bothers approximately 10% population in the world[1]. The continuation of nasal obstruction, purulent secretion, loss of smell and facial ache for more than 12 weeks were considered as CRS’s typical symptoms. While CRS is not life-threatening, its high global prevalence brought great challenges for the patients' quality of life and the social economic burden[2]. Historically, based on the presence of nasal polyp (NP), CRS can be divided into CRS with NP (CRSwNP) and CRS without NP (CRSsNP). However, it is restricted for this simple classification method to explain the complexity and diversity of CRS. In the majority of CRSwNP patients (70–90%), eosinophil-dominated inflammatory infiltrate has been observed, which is an expression of a Th2-polarized immune response[3]. Previously, CRSwNP in Western countries predominantly exhibited eosinophilic inflammation, whereas Asian populations showed neutrophilic predominance. However, recent studies indicate an increasing trend of eosinophilic infiltration in Asian CRSwNP patients, potentially In review linked to Westernized lifestyles[4][5][6][7]. The EPOS‑2020 consensus classifies CRS into type 2 and non-type 2 based on immunopathologic and clinical features[8]. Type 2 inflammation plays a central role in type 2 CRSwNP, characterized by Th2 cells, type 2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13), ILC2, eosinophilic infiltration, IgE, and comorbidities such as asthma and aspirin intolerance[9]. In addition, patients with type 2 CRSwNP remain more clinical symptoms, high recurrence rates and resistance to conventional medical or surgical treatment strategies[10]. Given its refractory and heterogeneous nature, this review explores the pathogenesis and treatment of type 2 CRSwNP.
Keywords: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP), Type 2 T helper cells (Th2), Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), Epithelial barrier dysfunction, biologics
Received: 04 Aug 2025; Accepted: 07 Aug 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Yang, Guo, Wang, Jiang, Sijia and Gu. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Qingjia Gu, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Electronic Science and Technology Hospital, Chengdu, China
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