Impact of Generative AI in Medical Education in India-A Systematic Review

AZFAR MATEEN¹VISESH KUMAR¹AJAY KUMAR SINGH¹BERENDRA YADAV¹MALA MAHTO²ATIQ HASSAN³NAZIM NASIR^3*

• ¹Mahamaya Rajkiya Allopathic Medical College, Ambedkar Nagar, India
• ²All India Institute of Medical Sciences Patna, Patna, India
• ³King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia

Background: The advent of generative Artificial Intelligence has presented a fundamental change in the approach to medical education across the world. In India, where the medical education is facing a shortage in faculties and resources, GenAI has the potential of transforming this. This systematic review summarizes the current evidence on the impact, student readiness and various ethical challenges and barriers of integration of AI into the medical curriculum. Methods: We followed the PRISMA guidelines and searched published articles in PubMed and Google Scholar from 2020 to 2025. The search yielded 19,777 articles, from which 11 studies focusing on Indian medical students were selected and the findings of these studies were analysed through Laurillard's six learning modes so that we can get a comprehensive pedagogical understanding. Result: Our study reveals a significant finding: that while high awareness and positive perception towards AI have been shown by Indian medical students, most of the students lack formal training. These selected studies show that the students mostly use generative AI for clearing doubts, making assignments and self-directed learning, shifting from the 'Acquisition' to 'Inquiry' and 'Production' modes of Laurillard's learning. Comparative Analysis shows that GenAI tools are performing better than the students in the standard exams, thus showing its potential. However, certain challenges also exist, including includes risk of misinformation, over-reliance, potential decrease of critical thinking along with the ethical concern of data privacy. Conclusion: Indian medical students are adapting GenAI enthusiastically, but the engagement is mostly unstructured and informal. A significant gap exists between the readiness of the students and the medical institutions. To maximize the potential use of GenAI, our institutions have to develop a structured curriculum, investment in faculty training and development of ethical guidelines. Teamwork between policy makers, educators and researchers is the need of the hour so that our future physicians will be ready to integrate AI enabled healthcare.