ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Detect. Sci. Technol.

Sec. Detector Physics

Volume 3 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fdest.2025.1593087

This article is part of the Research TopicFundamentals of luminescence and electroluminescence in particle detection technologies relying on noble-gas mediaView all 5 articles

Design and performance of the ARIADNE + Detector, bringing novel 3D optical dual-phase LArTPCs to the large scale

Provisionally accepted
Adam LoweAdam Lowe1*Pablo Amedo MartinezPablo Amedo Martinez2Alexander DeistingAlexander Deisting3Heriques Frandini GattiHeriques Frandini Gatti1Diego Gonz Ález-DíazDiego Gonz Ález-Díaz2Krishanu MajumdarKrishanu Majumdar1Konstantinos MavrokoridisKonstantinos Mavrokoridis1Marzio NessiMarzio Nessi4Barney PhilippouBarney Philippou1Francesco PietropaoloFrancesco Pietropaolo4Sudikshan RavinthiranSudikshan Ravinthiran1Filippo ResnatiFilippo Resnati4Adam RobertsAdam Roberts1Angela Saá Hern ÁndezAngela Saá Hern Ández2Christos TouramanisChristos Touramanis1Jared VannJared Vann1
  • 1University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  • 2University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
  • 3Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
  • 4European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

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The ARIADNE programme is focused on the development of a scalable optical based readout system for use in future ktonne LAr neutrino experiments, providing high tracking capability and low energy thresholds. Following demonstration at the 1 tonne scale (ARIADNE detector), a 20 tonne experiment has been performed at the CERN Neutrino Platform (ARIADNE + ) to test scalability for integration into colossal future experiments such as those planned within the DUNE programme. This paper details the design, construction and performance of a 2.3 x 2.3 m light readout plane (LRP), which contained the largest glass THGEM array ever constructed. Four Timepix3 cameras were mounted externally to image the secondary scintillation light produced within the THGEM holes; three cameras operated with a visible image intensifier, and one with a VUV sensitive intensifier coupled to a custom magnesium fluoride lens. In addition, calibration of the detector using cosmic muon data is presented as well as an outlook on the next steps for this work.

Keywords: Time projection Chambers (TPC), Noble liquid detectors, Micropattern gaseous detectors, Photon detectors for UV, visible

Received: 13 Mar 2025; Accepted: 25 Apr 2025.

Copyright: © 2025 Lowe, Amedo Martinez, Deisting, Gatti, Gonz Ález-Díaz, Majumdar, Mavrokoridis, Nessi, Philippou, Pietropaolo, Ravinthiran, Resnati, Roberts, Saá Hern Ández, Touramanis and Vann. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

* Correspondence: Adam Lowe, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

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