PERSPECTIVE article
Front. Electron.
Sec. Bioelectronics
Volume 6 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/felec.2025.1686130
Beyond Ideal Models: Non-Idealities in TCAD Simulations of Dielectric-Modulated FETs for Label-Free Biosensing
Provisionally accepted
Rupam Goswami1*
Vivek Menon Unnikrishnan2Suman Kumar Mitra3Deepjyoti Deb4Prachuryya Subash Das5Hirakjyoti Choudhury5Raja Vipul Gautam5- 1Tezpur University School of Engineering, Napaam, India
- 2Universita degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- 3Quest Global, Bengaluru, India
- 4SRM Institute of Science and Technology - Vadapalani Campus, Chennai, India
- 5Tezpur University, Tezpur, India
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Dielectric modulation (DM) in field-effect transistors (FETs) for label-free biosensing has been extensively explored till date, mostly due to the availability of semiconductor device TCAD (technology computer-aided design) tools. Of these works, a significant number of reports which have revolved around TCAD simulations focus on ideal or slightly deviated-from-ideal conditions, and not on inclusion of non-idealities to create actual biosensing test scenarios. This perspective presents a status of label-free dielectric-modulated biosensing in field-effect transistors (FETs), and highlights the five most important but rarely used or missing non-idealities in semiconductor TCAD tools, viz. multi-species representation, biomolecular kinematics, cavity profile, hybridization, and transient response. To make TCAD frameworks more aligned with experimental studies, this article recommends adoption of method-specific TCAD-integrated modeling (MSTIM) approaches.
Keywords: TCAD1, dielectric modulated biosensor2, steric hindrance3, Kinematics4, Selectivity5, sensitivity6, cavity profile7, hybridization8
Received: 14 Aug 2025; Accepted: 10 Sep 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Goswami, Unnikrishnan, Mitra, Deb, Das, Choudhury and Gautam. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Rupam Goswami, rupam21@tezu.ernet.in
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