ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Mar. Sci.
Sec. Marine Pollution
Volume 12 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fmars.2025.1542584
Adsorption of oxytetracycline hydrochloride by magnetic activated carbon: kinetics, mechanism and site energy distribution analysis
Provisionally accepted
- 1Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
- 2Yantai Marine Econimic Research Institute, Yantai, China
- 3Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
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： The remove of oxytetracycline hydrochloride (OTC) antibiotics from water presents both significant challenges and importance. In this study, magnetic activated carbon (MAC) was synthesized from powdered activated carbon and ferric compounds using an alkaline co-precipitation process. Various characterizations techniques employed to assess the microscopic morphology, pore structure, and surface functionality of the adsorbents. The maximum equilibrium adsorption (qm) of MAC for OTC at temperature of 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 o C were found to be 93, 112, 118, 108, and 117 mg/g, respectively, as determined by the Langmuir isotherm adsorption model. Thermodynamic and adsorption site energy analyses indicated that the adsorption process is a spontaneous endothermic reaction at elevated temperatures.During the OTC removal process, both chemisorption and physisorption mechanisms were observed, with adsorption site energies ranging from 4 to 16 kJ/mol, suggesting that chemical adsorption likely played a predominant role. The adsorbent material demonstrated excellent adsorption efficiency and a spontaneous nature, making it a promising candidate for the environmentally friendly treatment of
Keywords: Magnetic activated carbon (MAC), Oxytetracycline hydrochloride, Adsorption kinetics, adsorption mechanism, Site energy distribution analysis
Received: 10 Dec 2024; Accepted: 28 Jul 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Jia, Sun, Li, Lv, Tang and Pi. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Yongrui Pi, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, Shandong Province, China
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