ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Mar. Sci.

Sec. Marine Fisheries, Aquaculture and Living Resources

Volume 12 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fmars.2025.1621216

This article is part of the Research TopicAlternative Feed Ingredients and their Functional Properties in AquacultureView all 13 articles

Fatty acid profile of Gammarus locusta newly hatched offspring from the wild and from adults farmed on mono-specific macroalgal diets

Provisionally accepted
  • 1Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, CESAM & ECOMARE, Aveiro, Portugal
  • 2Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, CESAM, Aveiro, Portugal
  • 3Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Mass-Spectrometry Centre & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Aveiro, Portugal

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

The accelerated growth of marine aquaculture targeting species that require formulated aquafeeds creates a pressing need to find new sustainable ingredients and additives that can secure a premium farming performance, as well as the nutritional value of farmed species. Marine gammarid amphipods can be an excellent source of essential fatty acids (FA), namely, long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated FA (LC-PUFA). However, their potential contribution to aquaculture feeds remains largely unexplored. The present work evaluated the effect of five mono-specific macroalgal diets (Ulva sp., Fucus sp., Laminaria sp., Gracilaria sp., and Chondrus sp.) on the FA composition of the offspring of Gammarus locusta fed on these macroalgae and compared it with the offspring of wild conspecifics. Results revealed that offspring from wild G. locusta showed the highest amount of PUFA (4.95 ± 0.31 g mg-1 DW), as well as essential FA, namely eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) (2.49 ± 0.21 g mg-1 DW) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) (0.87 ± 0.16 g mg-1 DW). The treatment with the highest amount of PUFA and EPA was the one using Fucus sp. as a mono-specific macroalgal diet (4.46 ± 0.31 g mg-1 DW and 2.42 ± 0.24 g mg-1 DW, respectively). The best levels of DHA in offspring were recorded for specimens feeding on Chondrus sp. (0.56 ± 0.10 g mg-1 DW). Significant differences in the abundance of stearic acid (18:0) and DHA were observed between the offspring of adults fed algal-based diets and those from the wild. These findings suggest that G. locusta selectively conserves and directly or indirectly biosynthesises essential FA for growth and reproduction, particularly LC-PUFA. Overall, G. locusta can perform a trophic upgrade of its diet, making this gammarid amphipod a promising additive for the formulation of high-quality aquafeeds supplying LC-PUFA.

Keywords: aquafeeds, fatty acids, GC-MS, LC-PUFA, marine gammarids, Trophic upgrading

Received: 30 Apr 2025; Accepted: 30 Jun 2025.

Copyright: © 2025 Sousa, Marques, Rodrigues, Rey, Albuquerque, Domingues, Duarte and Calado. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

* Correspondence: João P. Sousa, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, CESAM & ECOMARE, Aveiro, Portugal

Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.