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REVIEW article

Front. Mar. Sci.

Sec. Marine Biotechnology and Bioproducts

Volume 12 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fmars.2025.1644390

The potential microalgae-based strategy for attaining carbon neutrality and mitigating climate change: A critical review

Provisionally accepted
Hao  ChengHao Cheng1Yi  LiuYi Liu1Ziai  DengZiai Deng1Xiulan  XieXiulan Xie1Chenglong  YangChenglong Yang2Heer  BalochHeer Baloch1Zhanke  QinZhanke Qin3Weicheng  XuWeicheng Xu1Haojie  ZhangHaojie Zhang3Jiayi  GaoJiayi Gao1Abdul  JaleelAbdul Jaleel4*Maozhi  RenMaozhi Ren5*
  • 1Institute of Urban Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
  • 2Zhengzhou University School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
  • 3Department of Agricultural Engineering, Kizilsu Vocational Technical College, Kizilsu, China
  • 4United Arab Emirates University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
  • 5Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

In recent years, the impacts of global warming, including glacial melting, extreme weather events, food crises, and epidemics, have become increasingly severe, posing significant challenges to global sustainability. The primary driver of the current climate crisis is the substantial emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs), particularly carbon dioxide (CO2). Microalgae, as photoautotrophic microorganisms, offer a promising solution by utilizing CO2 for biosynthesis. Previous research indicates that microalgae can fix CO2 at rates exceeding 1.5 kg/m2/year under optimal conditions, and produce lipids with high content of unsaturated fatty acids. This review delves into recent advancements understanding the causes and effects of global warming, with a particular focus on agricultural GHG emissions. It critically examines the carbon sequestration mechanisms of microalgae and their potential as single-cell biofactories for carbon neutralization and biomanufacturing. The review highlights their ability to fix CO2 and produce high-value products such as biofuels, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and foods. Among these species, the characteristics and value of seven edible microalgae are also described. We outline the technical and economic challenges associated with scaling up microalgae cultivation from laboratory to industrial scale, including the optimization of cultivation systems and the improvement of harvesting and processing techniques. This review serves as a useful and informative reference for the application of CO2 capture and high-value bioproducts by microalgae, aiming to provide a reference for the realization of carbon neutrality and the mitigation of climate change.

Keywords: Global Warming, microalgal biotechnology, carbon neutrality, application, challenge

Received: 16 Jun 2025; Accepted: 06 Aug 2025.

Copyright: © 2025 Cheng, Liu, Deng, Xie, Yang, Baloch, Qin, Xu, Zhang, Gao, Jaleel and Ren. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

* Correspondence:
Abdul Jaleel, United Arab Emirates University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
Maozhi Ren, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China

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