Tire Wear Particles in the Marine Environment: Sources, Migration, Ecological Risk and Control Strategy

Yanzhe Wang¹Jie Xu²Yunfeng Zhao³Ying Pan²Zaiwang Zhang¹Suzhe Liu⁴Xiaohui Chen³Jiqiang Zhang^1*Tao Wu^1*

• ¹Shandong University of Aeronautics, Binzhou, China
• ²Binzhou Polytechnic, Binzhou, China
• ³Shandong Wudi Gold Turn Land development and construction co.,LTD, Binzhou, China
• ⁴Shandong Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Dezhou, China

With the global proliferation of vehicular transportation, tire wear particles (TWPs) have emerged as a pervasive class of emerging contaminants in the environment. Primarily originating from terrestrial road networks, these anthropogenic particulates undergo complex environmental transport through atmospheric deposition and hydrological processes, ultimately accumulating in marine compartments through seawater column retention, benthic sedimentation, and bioaccumulation within marine trophic webs. The environmental impacts of TWPs manifest through multiple mechanisms including physically effects on marine organisms,chemically leaching of toxic tire components, and ecologically bioaccumulation and biomagnification. Current research priorities emphasize the development of standardized monitoring protocols for TWPs quantification and the implementation of source control strategies through green material engineering. This review systematically examines the environmental fate, ecological impacts, and risk mitigation approaches associated with marine TWPs pollution, providing critical insights for developing evidence-based management frameworks.