ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Mar. Sci.
Sec. Marine Fisheries, Aquaculture and Living Resources
Volume 12 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fmars.2025.1683189
This article is part of the Research TopicEcological Safety and One Health in AquacultureView all 3 articles
Risk Assessment of Shrimp-derived Probiotics on Culture performance and Environmental Biosafety in Shrimp Larvae Rearing System
Provisionally accepted
Junqi Yu1,2
Chengjia Wu3
PENGSHENG DONG3*Chen Chen1Heng Chen2Jinfei Chen1Xiaoshuang Liu3Ke Wang3
Kai Wang2
Demin Zhang2*- 1Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- 2Ningbo University School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo, China
- 3Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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Indigenous probiotics are widely applied in Penaeus vannamei aquaculture due to their potential to enhance disease resistance and promote growth. However, their biological and environmental safety requires comprehensive evaluation, particularly during the larval stage. This study investigated the effects of shrimp derived Lactobacillus casei HD1 and Bacillus licheniformis WZ1 on larval growth performance, aquatic bacterial communities, potential pathogens, and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), comparing probiotic-treated and control (CK) groups. Probiotic supplementation significantly improved survival rate, biomass, and individual weight, while reducing concentrations of NH₄⁺-N, NO₃⁻-N, and PO₄³⁻-P in rearing water. Compared to the control, α-diversity of the aquatic microbiota increased significantly, accompanied by elevated relative abundances of Bacteroidota, Bacillota, and Balneolota. The results of quantitative PCR showed that no significant changes in abundance of ARGs and Lactobacillus in taxa were observed, whereas Bacillus was significantly enriched within probiotic-adding, compared to CK group. Notably, structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that probiotics enhanced aquaculture performance through multiple pathways: indirectly by modulating aquatic microbial communities and directly by mitigating waterborne nutrients. These findings support the use of targeted indigenous probiotics as a sustainable strategy to balance productivity with environmental health, reduce reliance on antibiotics, overcome larval survival bottlenecks, and ensure ecological safety. Furthermore, the distinct impacts of different probiotics on microbial structure and host performance highlight the importance of strategic formulation in probiotic combinations for larval aquaculture.
Keywords: Penaeus vannamei, Indigenous probiotics, Microbial communitydynamics, potential pathogens, antibiotic resistance genes, Environmental Safety
Received: 10 Aug 2025; Accepted: 15 Sep 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Yu, Wu, DONG, Chen, Chen, Chen, Liu, Wang, Wang and Zhang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
PENGSHENG DONG, dpsh@henau.edu.cn
Demin Zhang, zhangdemin@nbu.edu.cn
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