Explainable AI-Driven Intelligent System for Precision Forecasting in Cardiovascular Disease

Dr Anas Bilal¹Abdulkareem Alzahrani²Khalid Almohammadi³Muhammad Saleem⁴Muhammad Sajid Farooq⁵Raheem Sarwar^6*

• ¹Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
• ²Al Baha University, Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia
• ³University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
• ⁴Minhaj University Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
• ⁵NASTP Institute of Information Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
• ⁶Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, North West England, United Kingdom

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are complex and affect a large part of the world's population; early accurate and timely prediction is also complicated. Typically, predicting CVDs involves using statistical models and other forms of standard machine learning. Although these methods offer some level of prediction, their black-box nature severely hinders the ability of the healthcare professional to trust and use the predictions. The following are some of the challenges that Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) may solve since it can give an understanding of the decision-making system of AI to build confidence and increase usability. This research introduced an intelligent forecasting system for cardiovascular events using XAI and addressed the limitations of traditional methods. This proposed system incorporates advanced machine learning algorithms integrated with XAI to examine a dataset comprising 308,737 patient records with features including age, BMI, blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and lifestyle factors. This dataset was sourced from the Kaggle Cardiovascular Disease dataset. Incorporating XAI offers an understandable explanation so that the healthcare professional can understand and make the AI-driven prediction trustworthy enough to improve the decision-making of treatment and care delivery for the patients. The simulation results of the proposed system provide better results than those of the previously published research works in terms of 91.94% accuracy and 8.06% miss rate. This proposed system makes it clear that XAI has the potential to significantly improve cardiovascular healthcare by enhancing transparency, reliability, and the quality of patient care.