IMMUNOPATHOLOGICAL SYNDROMES: STATE OF THE ART

Dmitry Kudlay^1,2Vladimir Kozlov³Andrey A Savchenko³Andrey Simbirtsev⁴Evgenia Anisimova⁴Igor Vladimirovich Kudryavtsev⁵Anastasia Kulpina^5,6Artem Rubinstein^5,7Varvara A Ryabkova⁷Leonid P. Churilov⁶Olga V Sirotkina⁵Tatyana Vavilova^5,6Anna Starshinova^5,8*Alexandr Borisov³

• ¹Pervyj Moskovskij gosudarstvennyj medicinskij universitet imeni I M Secenova, Moscow, Russia
• ²Moskovskij gosudarstvennyj universitet imeni M V Lomonosova, Moscow, Russia
• ³Krasnoarskij gosudarstvennyj medicinskij universitet imeni professora V F Vojno-Aseneckogo, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
• ⁴FGUP Gosudarstvennyj naucno-issledovatel'skij institut osobo cistyh biopreparatov Federal'nogo mediko-biologiceskogo agentstva Rossii, Saint Petersburg, Russia
• ⁵FGBU Nacional'nyj medicinskij issledovatel'skij centr imeni V A Almazova, Saint Petersburg, Russia
• ⁶Sankt-Peterburgskij gosudarstvennyj universitet, Saint Petersburg, Russia
• ⁷Pervyj Sankt-Peterburgskij gosudarstvennyj medicinskij universitet imeni akademika I P Pavlova, Saint Petersburg, Russia
• ⁸Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia

The review of the current state of knowledge on local and systemic immunopathological reactions of cellular and humoral origin, as well as the ways of their interaction is considered in this article. The objective is to organize, standardize, and conceptualize existing knowledge about immunopathological syndromes associated with innate immunity.. It highlights syndromes associated with type I, II, and III hypersensitivity reactions, while also separately examining manifestations related to immunosuppression disorders.The review outlines how to differentiate humoral immunity syndromes based on the classes of immunoglobulins-A, M, E-and the four subclasses of immunoglobulin G. Additionally, it provides a detailed analysis of complement system disorders and the mechanisms of systemic inflammatory response syndrome, as well as their role in various pathological processes.The authors advocate for a unified set of definitions for immunopathological syndromes pertaining to adaptive immunity, aiming to develop a new concept of their pathogenesis.Currently, many definitions of these syndromes lack consensus, stemming from varying interpretations of their manifestations. The authors also propose standardized tools for assessing immunopathological syndromes, along with guidelines for staging and treatment optimization.