REVIEW article
Front. Med.
Sec. Hematology
Volume 12 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1690221
Current Status, Challenges, and Integration Pathways of Biomarker Classification Systems in Graft-Versus-Host Disease: A Preliminary Exploration
Provisionally accepted
- 1Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
- 2Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
- 3Qingdao University Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao, China
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Background:Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a life-threatening complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation that impairs clinical outcomes. Existing classification systems for GVHD biomarkers remain fragmented, which limits cross-study data integration and clinical translation, creating an urgent need for a systematic classification framework. Materials and methods:In this review, a predefined search strategy was used to systematically evaluate the classification systems of GVHD biomarkers. For the search, a systematic literature retrieval was conducted in the PubMed and Web of Science databases, covering the time range from 2012 to 2025, with keywords including "GVHD", "biomarkers", and "classification and summarization". The inclusion criteria for studies were as follows, focusing on the classification or clinical application of GVHD biomarkers:peer-reviewed original articles, reviews, or multicenter trials, and human subjects or well-validated mouse models. After screening, a total of 139 articles were included in this review. Conclusion :This review integrates GVHD biomarkers into a three-dimensional system, including pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical application scenarios, and molecular characteristics. It identifies key challenges in biomarker research and application, and proposes feasible integration pathways. This work provides a foundational framework for precision medicine in GVHD management.
Keywords: graft-versus-host disease, biomarkers, classification system, Integration pathways, biomarker, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, precision medicine
Received: 21 Aug 2025; Accepted: 16 Oct 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Yu, Huang, Li, Zhao, Jin, Fan, Zhang and Ma. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Lusheng Ma, mls13854502448@163.com
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.