CASE REPORT article
Front. Med.
Sec. Hematology
Uncommon Presentation of T-Cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia: A Case with Secondary Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
Xiufeng WANG 1
Ting LI 2
Linlin TIAN 1
Man YANG 1
Fengli LI 1
Sun WU 1
Yan HUANG 1
1. Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
2. Department of Blood purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, weihui, Weihui, China
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Abstract
T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) is a rare mature T-cell neoplasm characterized by an aggressive clinical course. However, asymptomatic patients without immediate treatment indications at initial diagnosis may be managed with watch and wait. This paper retrospectively summarizes a rare case of T-PLL in which autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) emerged as a delayed complication after two years of observation, highlighting the heterogeneous and evolving nature of T-PLL. The patient achieved a satisfactory therapeutic response following treatment with bendamustine and prednisone. This case underscores the importance of vigilant monitoring for autoimmune complications in indolent-phase T-PLL and supports individualized treatment strategies based on disease activity and comorbidities.
Summary
Keywords
autoimmune hemolytic anemia, case, literature review, Report, T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia
Received
09 October 2025
Accepted
27 January 2026
Copyright
© 2026 WANG, LI, TIAN, YANG, LI, WU and HUANG. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: Xiufeng WANG
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