Obstructive Shock Caused by Infection of a Mediastinal tumor:A Case Report and Literature Review

Abstract

Background: Mediastinal tumor are a category of neoplasms that arise in the central region of the thoracic cavity. The clinical manifestations of this condition are diverse and have the potential to precipitate a range of severe complications, including obstructive shock. A comprehensive understanding of the etiology of mediastinal tumor is imperative for the timely recognition and intervention.. Case report: The present case study focuses on a 38-year-old female patient who exhibited symptoms of chest tightness and dyspnoea, devoid of any discernible precipitating factors. A chest CT scan revealed a mediastinal mass, which the patient initially disregarded. As symptoms worsened, her dyspnoea significantly intensified, prompting presentation to the Huaxi Emergency Department.The mediastinal tumor was assessed as unresectable and was compressing the heart and major vessels, exacerbating the patient's symptoms. Preliminary diagnostic investigations confirmed the presence of obstructive shock, the aetiology of which was infection of the mediastinal tumor. Following the administration of anti-infective therapy, the implementation of symptomatic management, and the undertaking of appropriate monitoring, X-ray and CT scans demonstrated a reduction in tumor size. Conclusion: Obstructive shock caused by mediastinal tumor infection is relatively rare. This case review demonstrates that clinical CT scans, continuous cardiac output monitoring via pulse-wave-derived cardiac output catheter (PICCO), and assessment of clinical laboratory indicators hold significant value for early diagnosis in patients.