ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Mol. Biosci.
Sec. Metabolomics
Volume 12 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2025.1607583
This article is part of the Research TopicV Latin American Metabolic Profiling Society (LAMPS) Symposium: 2024View all 3 articles
Comprehensive Clinical and Metabolomics Profiling of COVID-19 Mexican Patients Across Three Epidemiological Waves
Provisionally accepted
David Alejandro García-López1
Joel Monárrez-Espino2
Juan Carlos Borrego3Jiamin Zheng4
Rupasri Mandal4Claudia Torres-Calzada4
Juan Jose Oropeza Valdez5Alanne Tenório Nunes6Sergio Hugo Sánchez Rodríguez1
Jesús Adrián López1Blanca Estela Calzada Rodríguez3
David Wishart4Yamile Lopez Hernandez1,4*- 1Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico
- 2University of Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León4, Mexico
- 3Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Zacatecas, Mexico
- 4University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- 5National Autonomous University of Mexico, México City, México, Mexico
- 6University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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As of mid-2024, COVID-19 has affected over 676 million people worldwide, leading to more than 6.8 million deaths. Numerous studies have documented metabolic changes occurring during both the acute phase of the disease and the recovery phase, which, in some cases, contribute to the development of long COVID syndrome.In this study, we aimed to evaluate clinical, laboratory, and comprehensive metabolomic data from hospitalized COVID-19 patients during the second, third and fourth waves (Alpha, Delta, and Omicron). A targeted, fully quantitative metabolomics assay (TMIC MEGA Assay) was used to measure 529 metabolites and lipids in plasma samples. The metabolomic profiles of these patients were compared according to different and relevant factors impacting COVID-19 outcome, such as age, sex, comorbidities, and vaccination status. Results: Among the 21 classes of compounds evaluated in this study, amino acids and lipids were the most dysregulated when comparing age, sex, comorbidities, vaccination status, and the different epidemiological waves. This is the most comprehensive analysis in Mexico providing absolute quantitative data for 529 metabolites and lipids measured in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, which could be used to monitor their metabolic status and clinical outcomes associated with COVID-19 infection or with long COVID syndrome.
Keywords: COVID-19, biomarkers, Metabolomics, Mass Spectrometry, Metabolome
Received: 07 Apr 2025; Accepted: 21 May 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 García-López, Monárrez-Espino, Borrego, Zheng, Mandal, Torres-Calzada, Oropeza Valdez, Tenório Nunes, Sánchez Rodríguez, López, Calzada Rodríguez, Wishart and Lopez Hernandez. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Yamile Lopez Hernandez, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico
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