Editorial: New Insights into Oxidative Medicine: Unraveling the Complexity of Oxidative Stress in Health and Disease

Claudia Fiorillo¹Amir Alsharabasy²Matteo Becatti^1*

• ¹Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Firenze, 50134, Firenze, Italy
• ²CÚRAM, Research Ireland Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, H91 W2TY, Galway, Ireland

Oxidative mechanisms were further explored, through innovative experimental models, at the molecular and cellular level, in the study by Cao et al. who investigated the effects of single-wall carbon nanohorns on nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells and identified endoplasmic reticulum stress as the key mediator of ROSinduced apoptosis, offering valuable insights into the safety and potential biomedical applications of nanomaterials. In the study by Wu et al. a comprehensive analysis of oxidative stress-related genes in uveal melanoma and the prognostic value of CALM1, a crucial modulator of apoptosis and antioxidant defense are reported. These findings illustrate how dysregulated oxidative mechanisms may drive both degenerative and proliferative diseases, depending on cellular context and adaptive capacity. Expanding the systemic view, Nuñez-Selles et al. offered a comprehensive review linking oxidative biomarkers to the progression of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, indicating OS as both an inducer and amplifier of cardiometabolic dysfunction. The authors propose the concept of "precision redox medicine" where tailored antioxidant treatment and lifestyle modification are managed by specific biomarker levels. Zhu et al., in their article, contributed to this translational perspective by developing and validating a predictive model for Meige syndrome based on redox markers, where albumin, gamma-glutamyl transferase, total bilirubin, and the urea nitrogen-to-creatinine ratio represent independent predictors. In another study, Mao et al. connect oxidative stress to immune senescence and disease severity and highlight its potential as a therapeutic target in community-acquired pneumonia in older adults.Taken together, in the articles included in this Research Topic, oxidative stress is proposed as a unifying mechanism across diverse diseases, establishing connections among cellular signaling, metabolism, and systemic physiology. They also illustrate the transition of oxidative medicine from a descriptive field to one supported by quantitative biomarkers, predictive modeling, and mechanistic insight. The convergence of epidemiology, molecular biology, and translational research showed here highlight the growing potential of redox biology to drive preventive strategies and personalized therapies.In conclusion, this Research Topic demonstrates that oxidative stress must not be merely considered in terms of pathological by-products but a central regulator of cellular adaptation. Continued interdisciplinary research integrating omics technologies, computational modeling, and clinical validation will be crucial to translate redox science into targeted interventions for human health. The editors gratefully acknowledge the contribution of all authors, reviewers, and collaborators whose work has advanced our collective understanding of oxidative medicine.