ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Nanotechnol.
Sec. Nanomaterials
Volume 7 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fnano.2025.1663115
This article is part of the Research TopicPhytochemical-based, Green Nanotechnology for Sustainable Agriculture and Animal HusbandryView all 3 articles
Biosynthesis, optimization, and characterization of CuNPs using Bacillus licheniformis CPJN13S and their antibacterial activity
Provisionally accepted
- Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
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Nanoparticles (NPs) possess unique properties due to their higher surface-to-volume ratio and reactivity. Negative environmental impact and high cost of traditional modes of synthesis have driven the shift towards utilization of microbes and plants for synthesising NPs, referred as the biological or 'Green' synthesis. This study reported extracellular synthesis of copper NPs (CuNPs) using the supernatant of Bacillus licheniformis CPJN13S. The parameters affecting this process were optimized by OFAT approach and were reported to be 5mM concentration of copper sulfate (CuSO4), 32h incubation period, 18h reaction time, 20:20 filtrate/substrate ratio, 7 pH, and 37ºC temperature. CuNPs produced a characteristic UV-Visible absorption peak between 550-650 nm, Z-average of 305.3 nm and zeta potential value of -24.7 mV. SEM and HR-TEM revealed hexagonal shape of NPs having average size of 12.4 nm. XRD peaks obtained at 2θ positions of 45.52º, 56.52º, and 75.34º matched to diffraction from Cu. Antimicrobial assay conducted using 100µg/mL CuNPs led to highest inhibition of 20.4 % (Bacillus subtilis MTCC No. 441) and 43 % (Staphylococcus aureus MTCC No. 737), at 21h and 27h, respectively. The results suggest that biological synthesis can serve as the eco-friendly alternative of physical and chemical modes of synthesizing CuNPs and can be used to develop highly effective antibacterial agents.
Keywords: Nanoparticles, Copper, microorganisms, Green synthesis, OFAT, Antimicrobial activity
Received: 10 Jul 2025; Accepted: 09 Oct 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 RANI, Dhankher, Kumar, Dahiya, Arora, Dang and SUNEJA. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: POOJA SUNEJA, poojapavit@gmail.com
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