Editorial: Special Issue on Biomedical Signals and Artificial Intelligence Towards Smart Robots Control Strategies

Hassene Seddik^1*Hassen Fourati^2*Chiraz Ben Jabeur³Nahla Khraief¹

• ¹Higher National Engineering School of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
• ²Université Grenoble Alpes, Saint Martin d'Hères, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, France
• ³Higher Institute of Informatics (ISI), Tunis, Ariana, Tunisia

Robotic systems have significantly evolved, integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques to enhance autonomy, adaptability, and robustness. Traditional control methods, such as Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers, remain fundamental in many applications, yet AI-driven approaches are proving invaluable in tackling complex, non-linear, and uncertain environments.This special issue explores the latest advancements in AI-driven control techniques for robotic applications. The contributions cover a range of topics, including adaptive and learning-based control strategies, intelligent navigation, state estimation, and the integration of hybrid AI techniques for enhanced robotic performance.The articles included in this special issue address various challenges in robotic control and introduce innovative AI-based methodologies. Below, we highlight the key contributions:• Intelligent Control Techniques: Several articles explore the integration of AI-driven controllers, such as neural networks and fuzzy logic, to improve robotic decision-making and adaptability in dynamic environments.• State Estimation and Sensor Fusion: Advanced techniques like Kalman filters and particle filters are leveraged to enhance real-time localization and trajectory tracking, ensuring precise motion planning.• Hybrid Control Strategies: The fusion of classical and AI-based methods demonstrates how hybrid controllers can achieve robust performance, particularly in unstructured and uncertain scenarios.• Obstacle Avoidance and Path Optimization: Contributions discuss AI-enhanced navigation algorithms that enable robots to autonomously detect obstacles and compute optimal paths in real time.The first paper, "On Designing a Configurable UAV Autopilot for Unmanned Quadrotors," presents a control strategy for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) based on an inner-outer loop design for attitude and altitude control. It leverages nonlinear feedback linearization, linear-quadratic regulator (LQR), sliding mode control (SMC), proportional-derivative (PD), and PID controllers to enhance stability and disturbance rejection. The study also introduces a PD-PID hybrid controller designed for tracking and surveillance of smoke and fire. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach in improving UAV performance under various conditions. The second paper, "Fusion Inception and Transformer Network for Continuous Estimation of Finger Kinematics from Surface Electromyography (sEMG)," introduces FIT (Fusion Inception Transformer), a deep learning model for decoding sEMG signals to predict hand movements. By integrating Inception and Transformer networks, the model efficiently extracts both local and global features. Results on the Ninapro dataset show that FIT outperforms temporal convolutional networks (TCN), long short-term memory (LSTM) networks, and Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) in terms of estimation accuracy and computational efficiency, contributing significantly to advancements in human-computer interaction (HCI) technology.The third paper, "Cardioid Oscillator-Based Pattern Generator for Imitating Lower Limb Exoskeleton Behavior," proposes a pattern generator based on cardioid oscillators to mimic human gait characteristics such as periodicity, selfexcitation, and time-ratio asymmetry. The approach is validated through simulations and experiments, demonstrating that the generated trajectories closely resemble natural human gait. This method holds promise for exoskeleton control in rehabilitation and assistive applications.The fourth paper, "An Autonomous Mobile Robot Path Planning Strategy Using an Enhanced Slime Mold Algorithm (ESMA)," introduces ESMA, an improved optimization method for robotic path planning. By incorporating adaptive techniques for enhanced global search and an artificial potential field for dynamic obstacle avoidance, ESMA significantly reduces both path length and computation time. Comparative analysis against the standard Slime Mold Algorithm (SMA) and other optimization algorithms confirms its superiority, making it a valuable solution for real-world robotic navigation.The fifth paper, "Multi-User Motion Recognition Using sEMG via Discriminative Canonical Correlation Analysis and Adaptive Dimensionality Reduction," proposes a multi-user sEMG motion recognition framework designed to address variability in muscle signals across different users. By utilizing discriminative canonical correlation analysis (DCCA) and adaptive dimensionality reduction (ADR), the system projects feature sets into a uniform space, enhancing motion recognition accuracy. Experimental results demonstrate over 90% accuracy, highlighting its potential for rehabilitation and assistive technology applications.The convergence of AI and robotics presents exciting research opportunities. Future advancements may focus on reinforcement learning for real-time adaptation, neuromorphic computing for energy-efficient robotic control, and explainable AI (XAI) for transparent decision-making in safety-critical applications.This special issue highlights the growing role of AI in robotic applications and control. The featured articles provide valuable insights into emerging methodologies that push the boundaries of autonomous robotic systems. We thank all the contributors for their efforts in advancing this field.We express our gratitude to the authors, reviewers, and editorial team for their contributions to this special issue. Their efforts have ensured a high-quality collection of research in AI-driven robotics.