Implications of Institutional Pluralism on Natural Resources Sustainability in Tanzania. A Case of Selous-Niassa Wildlife Corridor

Edmund Mabhuye^*

• University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

This study aimed to assess the implications of institutional pluralism (IP) on the sustainability of natural resources in the Selous-Niassa Wildlife Corridor in Tanzania. Respondents were obtained randomly and purposively. Data were collected through interviews, focus group discussions, and household surveys. Qualitative data were analysed thematically, and quantitative data were analysed using SPSS and Excel. Results show that IPs have leveraged the diversity of expertise from different institutions to address multifaceted challenges, including biodiversity loss, climate change, and land-use change issues. However, challenges such as financial constraints and limited multidisciplinary approaches hamper the relevance and effectiveness of IP in natural resources management. However, existing regulatory frameworks support coordination and cooperation among various institutions, fostering a multi-stakeholder approach. However, the interpretation and implementation of various institutional strategies to achieve the IP targets have been mainly affected by individualism, conflicts, and unfair competition among the institutions responsible for natural resources management. On the other hand, traditional knowledge, which is socially and ecologically relevant for managing natural resources, is not integrated into the various institutional and policy frameworks for natural resource management; hence, it requires urgent harmonisation to achieve sustainability targets. Generally, IP remains a relevant and valuable approach to the sustainable management of natural resources. However, for this model to operate efficiently, the government needs to allocate sufficient funds rather than relying on donors who typically prioritise their own goals. Reducing political interference and ensuring that technical know-how prevails in natural resources management practices is also important. Effectiveness can also be achieved through regular meetings and forums, as well as increased community awareness, to prevent operational overlaps among different institutions for natural resource management. Another important mechanism is implementing an explicit policy structure to address challenges and promote sustainable management practices for natural resources. Others are calling for increased punishment for poachers, the provision of conservation incentives and benefits, and the expansion of employment opportunities and outreach to local communities. Harmonizing strategic plans and reassessing the potential of multi-institutional structures for natural resource management are also crucial for addressing current issues and ensuring a sustainable future for natural resource management.