REVIEW article
Front. Water
Sec. Water Resource Management
Reclaimed Water Reuse as a Tool to Reduce Nutrient Loads in the Baltic Sea
Provisionally accepted
- 1University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
- 2Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
Select one of your emails
You have multiple emails registered with Frontiers:
Notify me on publication
Please enter your email address:
If you already have an account, please login
You don't have a Frontiers account ? You can register here
Eutrophication is a critical environmental challenge in the Baltic Sea, driven predominantly by excessive inputs of nitrogen and phosphorus. While diffuse agricultural runoff constitutes the largest share of nutrient pollution, point sources, particularly municipal wastewater discharges, continue to contribute significantly in specific regions. This paper investigates the potential of reclaimed water reuse as a strategic measure to mitigate nutrient loads to the Baltic Sea. Reclaiming water from wastewater and utilizing it in agriculture, industry, and urban greening shows a potential opportunity for reducing direct nutrient discharges while conserving freshwater resources and decreasing dependency on synthetic fertilizers.
Keywords: Baltic Sea eutrophication, environmental governance, Nitrogen recovery, nutrient pollution, Phosphorus recovery, wastewater treatment
Received: 30 Jul 2025; Accepted: 11 Dec 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Krumins, Ramm, Purmalis, Mezulis and Klavins. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Janis Krumins
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.