Circular RNAs: From Anomalies to Cellular Regulators

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are 5’-3’ covalently closed single-stranded RNA molecules mostly generated through backsplicing from their host pre-mRNA transcripts. Their multiple functional roles, including the typical “sponge activity” towards proteins and microRNAs, as well as the ability to encode for peptides, have raised researchers’ interest.

In recent years, there has been several evidence highlighting circRNAs as prominent upstream regulators of gene expression in eukaryotic cells (e.g: circRNAs play a central role in competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks). Furthermore, circRNAs are increasingly recognized as key biomolecules involved in pathological conditions, including cancer, male infertility, and neurodegenerative diseases.

This research topic aims to provide a comprehensive overview of circRNAs’ interaction with microRNAs and proteins, their subcellular localization, and the molecular mechanisms regulating their biogenesis, in both physiological and pathological conditions, also considering the evolutionary perspective.

By examining pivotal studies, technological advancements in RNA sequencing, and the development of computational tools, researchers can trace the trajectory of circRNA research. Additionally, the topic will highlight the shifts in scientific paradigms that led to the recognition of circRNAs as key actors in cellular regulation, paving the way for their potential applications in diagnostics and therapeutics, thereby extending our knowledge of their value as potential clinical biomarkers.

We encourage the authors to submit original research studies concerning this topic. We accept various article types, including Reviews, Brief Research Reports, and Perspectives, to foster a diverse and comprehensive exploration of this critical research area. Contributions will also focus on pathophysiological disorders that critically affect circRNA cargo.