HYPOTHESIS AND THEORY article
Front. Artif. Intell.
Sec. AI for Human Learning and Behavior Change
Free Will as Structured Unpredictability: Toward a Symbiotic Human–AI Relationship
Provisionally accepted
- 2w2e Consulting, GmbH, Duebendorf, Switzerland
Select one of your emails
You have multiple emails registered with Frontiers:
Notify me on publication
Please enter your email address:
If you already have an account, please login
You don't have a Frontiers account ? You can register here
Human history has been shaped by revolutions of varying pace, with artificial intelligence (AI) emerging in mere decades. This paper introduces a preliminary framework for fostering a symbiotic human–AI relationship by integrating human free will into AI systems. We conceptualize free will as 'structured unpredictability' and propose a speculative extension of Shannon's information theory to model its informational contributions. By framing free will as an informational surplus, we envision AI as a mirror and amplifier of human creativity. While theoretical, this framework lays the foundation for future empirical and computational research to preserve human autonomy and diversity in AI-driven systems.
Keywords: Free will in AI, Human-AI Coexistence, Shannon's Entropy Extension, Structured Unpredictability, Symbiotic Intelligence
Received: 28 Aug 2025; Accepted: 22 Jan 2026.
Copyright: © 2026 Ghomshei and Abbaspour. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Mory Ghomshei
Karim C Abbaspour
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.