REVIEW article

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

Sec. Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

Volume 13 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2025.1595116

This article is part of the Research TopicApplication of Tissue Engineering in Bone, Joints, Ligaments Injuries and Cartilage RegenerationView all 5 articles

Modern Experimental Methods of Tissue-Engineered Products for Hyaline Cartilage regeneration

Provisionally accepted
Mikhail BozhokinMikhail Bozhokin1*Ylia KornevaYlia Korneva2Svetlana BozhkovaSvetlana Bozhkova2Elena Radislavovna MikhaylovaElena Radislavovna Mikhaylova1Daria MarchenkoDaria Marchenko1Bulat RakhimovBulat Rakhimov3Ylia NashekinaYlia Nashekina1Mikhail KhotinMikhail Khotin1
  • 1Institute of Cytology Russian Academy of Science, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
  • 2Russian Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics named after R.R. Vreden, St. Petersburg, Moscow Oblast, Russia
  • 3Graduate School of Management, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Moscow Oblast, Russia

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Hyaline cartilage (HC) is a specialized connective tissue that covers the surfaces of major joints and is characterized by its limited regenerative capacity. Modern therapeutic approaches to HC restoration often do not provide complete regeneration of damaged tissue. Developed tissue engineering methods show promise as effective approaches for restoring various types of HC damage. Due to the rapid evolution of various technologies in research practice, the range of methods available for analysis of TE constructs has expanded, including for the study of tissue engineering of hyaline cartilage (TEHC). Because of the complexity of the HC's structure, a whole range of methods is needed to assess characteristics of the scaffold, such as structure and strength. It is also important to study the behavior of cells inside the TE construct at all stages of cultivation, including post transplantation into the damaged area. The opacity of the scaffold and the complexity of its architecture often cause issues with the cell visualization and assessment of their viability. Therefore, there is a need to optimize each specific method for each specific scaffold. Despite the active study of TEHC, the results remain unsatisfactory. In this study, we have systematized data on the effectiveness and feasibility of methods to analyze structure, mechanical characteristics, cell interaction with the scaffold, and their ability to form new tissue before and after transplantation.

Keywords: Tissue Engineering, methods, review, Hyaline Cartilage, Recovery

Received: 17 Mar 2025; Accepted: 25 Jun 2025.

Copyright: © 2025 Bozhokin, Korneva, Bozhkova, Mikhaylova, Marchenko, Rakhimov, Nashekina and Khotin. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

* Correspondence: Mikhail Bozhokin, Institute of Cytology Russian Academy of Science, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

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