REVIEW article
Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.
Sec. Biomaterials
Volume 13 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2025.1631725
This article is part of the Research TopicAdvancing Cartilage Regeneration and Repair: Biomaterials and Biomechanical StrategiesView all 4 articles
Review on Modeling Theories of Electrosensitive Hydrogels for Cartilage Tissue Engineering
Provisionally accepted
- University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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Electrosensitive hydrogels are smart biomaterials that swell, shrink, deform, and bend when an external electric field is applied. These hydrogels have enormous potential for the controlled therapeutic delivery of biochemical substances to the affected area, thus promoting tissue regeneration. Computational modeling and simulation approaches have provided researchers with cost-effective predictive models that can be used to optimize in vitro and in vivo experimental protocols. In this article, we present a review of the modeling theories that can be used for the modeling and numerical simulation of electrosensitive hydrogels immersed in a solution with an applied electric field for cartilage tissue engineering. Each theory presents tradeoffs for the numerical modeling of cartilage repair implants. The selection of an appropriate theory depends on the required accuracy, time-dependent application, and deformation behavior.Although most simulations are limited to one-dimensional cases, multidimensional simulations are crucial. By reviewing the modeling theories of electrosensitive hydrogels, this article aims to inspire researchers to model the electrical stimulation of electrosensitive hydrogels for various applications, including cartilage tissue engineering.
Keywords: Cartilage Tissue Engineering, Electrical Stimulation, electrosensitive hydrogels, scaffolds, transport theory, multiphasic theory, Porous media theory, computational modeling
Received: 20 May 2025; Accepted: 28 Jul 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Farooqi, Seitz and van Rienen. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Abdul Razzaq Farooqi, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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