ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.
Sec. Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
Volume 13 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2025.1647759
Osteogenic Effects of Electrophoretically Deposited Sr-doped Calcium Silicate Coatings on Titanium
Provisionally accepted
- The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Background: Titanium (Ti) implants are mechanically reliable but lack osteoinductivity. Calcium silicate (CaSiO3 ) coatings improve bioactivity but degrade rapidly. Strontium (Sr), a bone-regulating ion, enhances osteoblast function and suppresses bone resorption. Incorporating Sr into CaSiO3 may synergistically improve coating stability and osteogenic performance. Objective: To develop Sr-doped CaSiO3 coatings with varying Sr concentrations and evaluate their effects on osteogenesis, identifying the optimal formulation for Ti surface functionalization. Methods: Sr-CaSiO3 powders (0.05, 0.10, 0.20 mol Sr) were synthesized by sol-gel and applied to Ti via electrophoretic deposition. The morphology and composition of the coating were analyzed using XRD, SEM, and EDS, and its effects on osteoblast-like cells (MC3T3-E1) proliferation, differentiation, mineralization, and Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation were evaluated. Results: The 0.10 mol Sr group exhibited optimal surface structure and Ca/P ratio(1.73). It significantly enhanced ALP expression, calcium nodule formation, and β-catenin nuclear translocation (p < 0.001), indicating superior osteogenic induction. Conclusion: Sr-doped CaSiO3 coatings enhance osteogenesis in a dose-dependent manner. The 0.10 mol Sr concentration provides the best combination of structural stability, osteoinductive capacity, and long-term bioactivity. These findings highlight the potential of Sr-doped CaSiO3 coatings as a promising surface modification strategy to improve the integration and clinical success of Ti implants in bone repair and regenerative medicine.
Keywords: Strontium-doped calcium silicate coatings, Titanium implants, Osseointegration, bone tissue engineering, Osteogenesis
Received: 16 Jun 2025; Accepted: 26 Sep 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Wang, Du, Zhang, Li, Yang, Yan, Li, Liu and Liu. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Zi Wang, wangzi5119@163.com
Juncai Liu, ljcdoctor011218@163.com
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.