Your new experience awaits. Try the new design now and help us make it even better

ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

Sec. Coronary Artery Disease

Volume 12 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2025.1545079

Analysis of risk factors and development of prediction model for long term prognosis in patients with ischemic heart failure after percutaneous coronary intervention

Provisionally accepted
Lifang  SuLifang Su1Xianghua  FuXianghua Fu1Yunfa  JiangYunfa Jiang1Yanbo  WangYanbo Wang1Boyan  TianBoyan Tian1Yang  FuYang Fu1Qing  WangQing Wang1Wei  ZhiWei Zhi1Yi  LiYi Li1Zhengkun  GuanZhengkun Guan2Xinshun  GuXinshun Gu1*
  • 1Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
  • 2Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the factors influencing the long-term prognosis of patients with ischemic heart failure (IHF) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) , and to develop and validate a nomogram prediction model based on these key factors. Methods: In this single-center and retrospective study, consecutive patients diagnosed with IHF who underwent PCI at the main campus of the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University between January 2019 and September 2023 were included. A nomogram prediction model was developed based on key factors identified by Cox regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression. Additionally, the patients treated at the branch campus of the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University during the same period for external validation. Results: Age, New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification III or IV, residual diseased coronary arteries≥2, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD), and the application of angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) during follow-up as factors significantly associated with MACE. The nomogram prediction model based on these six factors had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.764 (95% CI: 0.680-0.847) for the 5-year receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, and the model's concordance index (C-index) was 0.713, indicating good discriminative ability at the 5-year. Calibration curve and decision curve analysis demonstrated the model's consistency and clinical utility. The external validation of the model yielded an AUC of 0.707, and the C-index was 0.691. Multivariate Cox regression showed that NYHA classification III or IV, residual diseased coronary arteries ≥ 2, and LVEDD were independent risk factors for MACE, while the use of ARNI during follow-up was an independent protective factor. Conclusions: The nomogram prediction model, incorporating age, NYHA classification III or IV, residual diseased coronary arteries ≥2, LVEF, LVEDD, and the use of ARNI during follow-up, demonstrates strong predictive value for long-term MACE in patients with ICM after PCI. NYHA classification III or IV, residual diseased coronary arteries ≥2, and LVEDD were identified as independent risk factors for MACE, while the use of ARNI during follow-up was found to be a protective factor.

Keywords: Ischemic heart failure1, percutaneous coronary intervention2, Major adverse cardiac events3, Risk Factors4, Prediction mode5

Received: 14 Dec 2024; Accepted: 08 Oct 2025.

Copyright: © 2025 Su, Fu, Jiang, Wang, Tian, Fu, Wang, Zhi, Li, Guan and Gu. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

* Correspondence: Xinshun Gu, 26600302@hebmu.edu.cn

Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.