SYSTEMATIC REVIEW article
Front. Cardiovasc. Med.
Sec. Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Prevention
Volume 12 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2025.1568348
This article is part of the Research TopicThe Cardiovascular Continuum Between Hypertension, Diabetes and Cardiovascular DiseaseView all 3 articles
Relationship Between Body Mass Index and Cardiovascular Metabolic Multimorbidity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Provisionally accepted
- 1Department of Nephrology, Yubei District People’s Hospital, Chongqing, China
- 2Department of Nursing, First People's Hospital of Chongqing Liangjiang New District, Chongqing, China
- 3Island Hospital（ZhuHai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University）, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China
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This study aimed to systematically evaluate the association between body mass index (BMI) and cardiovascular metabolic multimorbidity (CMM). Cochrane Library, CINAHL, EMBASE, Web of Science, and PubMed were searched for observational studies examining the relationship between BMI and CMM, with a search timeframe from database inception to May 16, 2024. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) criteria were used to evaluate the quality of included studies. The meta package in R was used to perform a meta-analysis. Subsequently, pooled odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed. Eleven (11) studies involving 1,771,748 patients were included in this review, and the meta-analysis was conducted based on 10 studies. The meta-analysis revealed that when BMI was analyzed as a categorical variable, both overweight (pooled OR = 3.52, 95% CI: 1.23-10.05) and obesity (pooled OR = 3.68, 95% CI: 2.60-5.20) were significantly associated with CMM. When BMI was treated as a continuous variable, it was also significantly related to CMM (pooled OR = 2.90, 95% CI: 1.99-3.81). Furthermore, obesity was associated with an increased risk of CMM (hazard ratio [HR) = 3.27, 95% CI: 2.44-3.39). This study highlighted a positive correlation between overweight/obesity and CMM. Consequently, it is essential to enhance health awareness among high-risk populations, such as older adults and those with obesity. Proactive screening for high-risk individuals and increased public education on CMM are recommended. Weight management strategies should be integrated into CMM management plans for obese patients to reduce the incidence of these conditions.
Keywords: Cardiovascular metabolic multimorbidity, BMI, prevalence rate, metaanalysis, Correlation
Received: 29 Jan 2025; Accepted: 23 May 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Wu, Liu and Huang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Qinyu Liu, Department of Nursing, First People's Hospital of Chongqing Liangjiang New District, Chongqing, China
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