ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Cardiovasc. Med.
Sec. General Cardiovascular Medicine
Volume 12 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2025.1588996
The value of sST2 in risk stratification and short-term prognosis of acute pulmonary embolism: a pilot study focusing on intermediate-risk subgroups
Provisionally accepted
- 1Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
- 2Department of Cardiology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong Province, China
Select one of your emails
You have multiple emails registered with Frontiers:
Notify me on publication
Please enter your email address:
If you already have an account, please login
You don't have a Frontiers account ? You can register here
Intermediate-risk acute pulmonary embolism (APE) represents a heterogeneous group that is temporarily hemodynamically stable and still has a high mortality. The aim of this study was to assess the predictive value of soluble growth stimulation expressed gene 2 (sST2) in risk stratification and short-term prognosis in this group.Methods: This retrospective observational study included 128 patients with intermediate-risk APE between February 2020 to November 2023. Univariate or multivariate analysis were carried out for exploring the associations of sST2 with risk stratification and adverse event. Univariate logistic regression analysis and characteristic curve (ROC) were performed.Results: Compared with the intermediate-low risk group, higher sST2 level (25.8ng/mL vs 11.5ng/mL, P<0.001) and more adverse events (28.2% vs 8%, P=0.006) were observed in the intermediate-high risk group. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that sST2 was associated with higher risk stratification (OR = 1.085, 95%CI 1.042-1.129, P<0.001) and adverse events (OR =1.049, 95%CI 1.027-1.072, P<0.001). For intermediate-high risk stratification prediction, the AUC (area under the curve) was 0.754 (95% CI: 0.671-0.837, P<0.001) using sST2 and the optimal probability of cut-off value was 16.20 ng/mL. For adverse events prediction, the AUC was 0.832 (95% CI 0.751-0.913; P<0.001), while the optimal cut-off value was 16.20ng/mL. Conclusions: sST2 is associated with risk stratification and poor short-term prognosis for intermediate-risk APE, and it is a promising new biomarker that may contribute to further stratification for intermediate-risk subgroups and identification of individuals with a propensity to develop adverse events during hospitalization.
Keywords: Soluble growth stimulation expressed gene 2 (sST2), risk stratification, Acute pulmonary embolism, Intermediate-risk, prognosis
Received: 06 Mar 2025; Accepted: 19 Jun 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Wang, Liu, Jiao, Li and Cheng. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Jinlong Li, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
Yan li Cheng, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.