ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Cardiovasc. Med.
Sec. Hypertension
Volume 12 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2025.1590701
This article is part of the Research TopicThe Role of Vitamin D in Metabolic and Cardiovascular Health - Volume IIView all 6 articles
Associations between vitamin D and coronary revascularization and heart rate variability in hypertensive patients
Provisionally accepted
- 1Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- 2Chinese PLA Medical College, Beijing, China
- 3School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
Select one of your emails
You have multiple emails registered with Frontiers:
Notify me on publication
Please enter your email address:
If you already have an account, please login
You don't have a Frontiers account ? You can register here
Background Even though substantial evidence has found that vitamin D deficiency correlates to risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), few studies have shown how vitamin D affects coronary revascularization and heart rate variability (HRV). We aimed to explore the connection between vitamin D levels with coronary revascularization and HRV in hypertensive patients. Methods A total of the 250 eligible participants with hypertension hospitalized at the Department of Cardiology, Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital was consecutively recruited. The status of vitamin D is measured utilizing serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] concentrations. The primary endpoints were defined as patients undergoing coronary revascularization treatment. The secondary endpoints were defined as the variation in HRV. HRV indices were recorded in participants using a 24-h Holter electrocardiogram (ECG). In addition, direct renin concentrations and plasma aldosterone concentrations were measured in the supine and standing positions. Results In the study, 165 eligible patients assigned to the vitamin D deficiency [25(OH)D3 < 20ng/ml] group and 85 to the vitamin D non-deficiency[25(OH)D3 ≥ 20ng/ml] group. In both univariate logistic regression analysis (OR:2.46,95%CI:1.06-5.68; P=0.036) and multivariate logistic regression analysis (OR:2.54, 95%CI:1.02-6.33; P=0.046), the 25(OH)D3<20 ng/ml demonstrated to be a significant risk factor of primary endpoints for those hypertensive patients. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis showed the multivariable-adjusted model for predicting primary endpoints in patients with hypertension, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.73 (95% CI: 0.64-0.82, p < 0.001). Regarding secondary endpoints, the HRV indexes such as standard deviation of normal-to-normal (NN) intervals (SDNN) (P=0.04), standard deviation of the averages of NN intervals in all 5-min segments (SDANN) (P=0.03), and Triangle indexes values(P=0.02) were significantly different in the two groups. Finally, we observed that hypertensive patients with vitamin D deficiency had significantly greater aldosterone and aldosterone-to-renin ratio (ARR) values than those having vitamin D non-deficiency. Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency was prevalent in hypertensive patients and was independently associated with the risk of coronary revascularization. Vitamin D deficiency also affects HRV and ARR values in hypertensive patients.
Keywords: Hypertension, Vitamin D, Coronary revascularization, Heart rate variability, Aldosterone-to-renin ratio
Received: 10 Mar 2025; Accepted: 26 Aug 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Li, Zou, Li and Zhang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Zongbin Li, Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.