Rapid Diagnosis of Different Cardiovascular Diseases Events from the Early Released Cardiac Biomarkers: CtnI, BNP, and CRP by Biosensor Technology

RAZI ULLAH^1,2*Mubassir Khan³

• ¹Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Lab for Vascular Implants College of Bioengineering Chongqing University Chongqing 400030,, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
• ²Jin Feng Laboratory Chongqing 401329,, Chongqing, China
• ³Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology Ministry of Education College of Bioengineering Chongqing University Chongqing, 400044 P.R. China, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China

Cardiovascular disease represents a significant global health challenge, making the detection of cardiac biomarkers crucial for early diagnosis and tailored treatment strategies. This research aims to transpire a point-of-care (POC) test using biosensor for CVDs that will be fast and pragmatic for immediate use in acute and resource-constrained environments. Traditional techniques such as ELISA and PCR, while very precise, are time-consuming, labor intensive, and not suitable for use in urgent care; however, optical nano-biosensors provide rapid, highly selective, and sensitive detection capabilities. The optical nano-biosensors produce biological signals that convey light signals as analytes interact with bioreceptors. Optical nano-biosensors offer various benefits including effortless monitoring, inexpensiveness, a broad detection spectrum, and excellent sensitivity with no interference. An optical nano-biosensor platform represents an effective method for point-of-care detection of cardiac biomarkers, characterized by a low detection limit. To propose a realistic reference, this study assesses a prompt POC test, which identifies the significant cardiac biomarkers, including cTnI, BNP, and CRP, that combined, give an all-encompassing confinement of myocardial invectiveness, cardiac stress, and inflammation. Subsequently, the test was performed using a random patient population; the accuracy of the test was established to be high both in terms of sensitivity (95.2% for cTnI, 91.8% for BNP, and 89% for CRP) and specificity and had a close correlation with laboratory tests. It provided results in 15 minutes, which makes it effectively useful when used in emergency and primary care, where quick decisions are required. The low cost and rapidity of the test increase its applicability notably; the multiplexing allows clinicians to identify individuals at high risk for different CVDs events. This work highlights the possibility of implementing biosensor technology into diagnostic systems at the POC level to enhance the patient prognosis by facilitating early interventions and establishes a basis for the enhancements of biomarker detection.