REVIEW article
Front. Cardiovasc. Med.
Sec. Coronary Artery Disease
Volume 12 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2025.1622235
Stent Thrombosis: A Contemporary Guide to Definitions, Risk Factors, and Management
Provisionally accepted
Ambre Flowers1Scott Eisennberg1Allison Weiss1Bernard Evenhuis1Benjamin Gabanic1Riyan Siddiqui2Affan Rizwan3Iqra Riaz4Hafeez Ul HassanVirk5Mahboob Alam6Muzamil Khawaja1
Markus Strauß7*
Chayakrit Krittanawong, MD, FACC8- 1Emory University, Atlanta, United States
- 2University of Mississippi Medical Center, Mississippi, United States
- 3Baylor College of Medicine, Texas, United States
- 4Mobile Infirmary Medical Center, Alabama, United States
- 5Cleveland Medical, Cleveland, United States
- 6Texas Heart Institute and Baylor College of Medicine,, Houston, United States
- 7University Muenster, Münster, Germany
- 8HumanX, Delaware, United States
Select one of your emails
You have multiple emails registered with Frontiers:
Notify me on publication
Please enter your email address:
If you already have an account, please login
You don't have a Frontiers account ? You can register here
Stent thrombosis remains a major complica2on following percutaneous coronary interven2on, with significant morbidity and mortality implica2ons. Despite advancements in drug-elu2ng stents and op2mized pharmacotherapy, real-world registry data indicate that definite or probable stent thrombosis occurs in approximately 0.5% of percutaneous coronary interven2on cases, with a 30-day mortality rate approaching 25% and a long-term risk exceeding 30% at 10 years. Stent thrombosis is classified based on 2ming into acute, subacute, late, and very late thrombosis, with subacute and very late stent thrombosis being the most prevalent. Clinical consequences include myocardial infarc2on, emergent revasculariza2on, and heightened cardiovascular risk, necessita2ng 2mely recogni2on and interven2on. Risk factors include pa2ent characteris2cs, procedural variables, and lesion complexity, with recurrent stent thrombosis remaining a notable concern. This review explores the defini2ons, classifica2ons, pathophysiology, and risk factors for stent thrombosis while discussing current strategies for preven2on and management. Addi2onally, advancements in stent technology and pharmacologic interven2ons are examined, underscoring the need for a mul2disciplinary approach to mi2gate stent thrombosis incidence and improve pa2ent outcomes.
Keywords: Stent thrombosis, Coronary Artery Disease, percuataneous coronary intervention, Coronary stenting, Ischaemic heart disease (IHD)
Received: 02 May 2025; Accepted: 01 Oct 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Flowers, Eisennberg, Weiss, Evenhuis, Gabanic, Siddiqui, Rizwan, Riaz, HassanVirk, Alam, Khawaja, Strauß and Krittanawong, MD, FACC. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Markus Strauß, markus.strauss@ukmuenster.de
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.