ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Cardiovasc. Med.
Sec. Clinical and Translational Cardiovascular Medicine
Volume 12 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2025.1641855
A Nomogram Model Based on HALP Score and sST2 for Predicting 1-Year MACE Risk After PCI in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients
Provisionally accepted
Chen-Yan Li1,2Hai-Bo Wu1Ya-Wei Duan1Peng Gao1Hong-Xiao Li1Xue-Chao Wang1Yun-Can Wang3Yan-Qing Wang1Shi-Ru Bai1Yuan Jia1
Rong-Pin Du1*- 1Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
- 2Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
- 3The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Objective: To develop a nomogram model integrating the HALP score (a composite score of hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocytes, and platelets) and sST2 for predicting the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) within 1 year after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods: This retrospective analysis included 236 AMI patients undergoing emergency PCI (2019–2024), categorized into MACE (n=102) and non-MACE (n=134) groups. Independent predictors were identified through multivariate logistic regression analysis, and a nomogram model was constructed. Model performance was validated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the Bootstrap method (N = 1000). Results: Multivariate analysis revealed that Killip class IV (OR = 3.758, P = 0.009), high sST2 levels (OR = 1.008, P = 0.009), high LDL-C (OR = 1.533, P = 0.041), high LVEDD (OR = 1.106, P = 0.009), and low HALP score (OR = 0.958, P = 0.023) were independent predictors of MACE. The combined model exhibited significantly better predictive performance than single indicators (AUC = 0.833, 95% CI: 0.781–0.886), with a sensitivity of 87.3% and specificity of 68.7%. The nomogram demonstrated good calibration after Bootstrap validation (Hosmer-Lemeshow test P = 0.157). Conclusion: The nomogram model developed in this study, which integrates the HALP score (reflecting inflammatory-nutritional status) and sST2 (a marker of myocardial fibrosis) along with clinical indicators, can effectively predict the risk of MACE after PCI and provides a visual tool for individualized risk stratification.
Keywords: acute myocardial infarction, HALP score, SST2, nomogram, MACE events, post-PCI
Received: 05 Jun 2025; Accepted: 20 Aug 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Li, Wu, Duan, Gao, Li, Wang, Wang, Wang, Bai, Jia and Du. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Rong-Pin Du, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
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