SYSTEMATIC REVIEW article
Front. Cardiovasc. Med.
Sec. Cardiovascular Nursing
Volume 12 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2025.1667583
This article is part of the Research TopicDigital Advancements in Cardiovascular Nursing: Transforming Patient Care and EducationView all articles
COMPLICATIONS RELATED TO THE SURGICAL IMPLANTATION OF CARDIAC IMPLANTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF PREVALENCE
Provisionally accepted
Ignacio Suárez-Paúl1Belén Redondo-Castro2José M Gutiérrez Pastor3
María José Membrive-Jiménez4*Antonio Caballero-Mateos5
José Luis Romero-Béjar6
Guillermo Arturo Cañadas-De La Fuente7- 11. San Agustín University Hospital, Department of Intensive Care, Andalusian Health Service, Linares, Spain., Jaén, Spain
- 2Son Llàtzer Hospital, Balearic Islands Health Service, C. de Manacor, Levante, Palma, Balearic Island, Spain, 2. Son Llàtzer Hospital, Balearic Islands Health Service, C. de Manacor, Levante, Palma, Balearic Island, Spain, Palma Mallorca, Spain
- 3Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- 4Faculty of Health Sciences of Ceuta, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- 5Department of Gastroenterology, San Cecilio University Hospital, Andalusian Health Service, Granada, Spain, 5. Department of Gastroenterology, San Cecilio University Hospital, Andalusian Health Service, Granada, Spain, Granada, Spain
- 6Department of Statistics and Operations Research, University of Granada, Granada, Granada, Spain
- 7Brain, Mind and Behaviour Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, Granada, Spain., Granada, Spain
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Aim: To identify the most common complications that occur after the implantation of a permanent pacemaker, and to estimate their prevalence. Method: systematic review and meta-analysis. Selection criteria: quantitative primary sources, written in English, no age restriction, published between 1 January 2018 and 1 March 2025. Information sources: This systematic review is based on a search of the PubMed scientific database, using descriptors from the MESH thesaurus in the following search equation: "Pacemaker, artificial AND Surgery AND Postoperative complications". Risk of bias: Studies were assessed following the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) guidelines. Results synthesis: descriptive analysis was used for the systematic review and random effects meta-analysis were performed. Results: Pacemaker implantation is a fairly common intervention, but it is not free of complications. The most frequent are pacemaker pocket infection, contusion or haematoma at the insertion site, painful shoulder and displacement 5 8 0 5 7 6 of the generator or electrodes. Conclusion: It is important to take into account the patient's medical history and comorbidities, in order to match the device and its upkeep to the patient's characteristics, in order to minimise the risk of complications.
Keywords: Morbidity, Mortality, Permanent pacemaker, Postoperative Complications, Surgery
Received: 16 Jul 2025; Accepted: 20 Oct 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Suárez-Paúl, Redondo-Castro, Gutiérrez Pastor, Membrive-Jiménez, Caballero-Mateos, Romero-Béjar and Cañadas-De La Fuente. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: María José Membrive-Jiménez, mariajose.membrive@gmail.com
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