ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Cardiovasc. Med.
Sec. Heart Valve Disease
This article is part of the Research TopicNovel Mechanisms and Innovations in Calcific Aortic Valve Disease and Aortic StenosisView all articles
Inflammatory biomarkers as predictors of prognosis in patients after transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Provisionally accepted
- 1University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- 2Univerza v Ljubljani Medicinska fakulteta, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Background: The expanding role of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) highlights the need to identify factors influencing long-term outcomes. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is a frequent post-procedural event that may adversely affect prognosis. Measurement of inflammatory biomarkers may improve the understanding of underlying mechanisms and refine patient risk stratification. Methods: This single-center, prospective cohort study, enrolled 62 consecutive patients undergoing TAVI, who were followed for up to 5 years. Blood samples were collected before TAVI, at 24 hours and 3–6 months post-procedure. Changes in biomarker levels, predictors of SIRS, and inflammatory predictors of long-term outcomes were analyzed. Results: SIRS developed in 45% of patients. Significant temporal changes were observed in hs-CRP, TNF-α, sST2/IL-33, IL-10, and IL-2 levels, irrespective of baseline or procedural characteristics. The development of SIRS was associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality or unplanned hospitalization at 5 years (HR 3.07, 95% CI 1.57–6.00; p = 0.001). Baseline hs-CRP (HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.09-1.35; p < 0.001) and IFN-γ (HR 1.22; 95% CI 1.09–1.36; p < 0.001) levels were predictive of adverse outcomes. In multivariable Cox analysis, these associations remained, though findings should be interpreted cautiously given the limited sample size. Conclusions: SIRS is a common post-TAVI phenomenon and may be linked to long-term outcomes. Elevated pre-procedural hs-CRP and IFN-γ levels were associated with higher risk for adverse events, suggesting they may serve as exploratory biomarkers for risk stratification in this population.
Keywords: Inflammatory biomarkers, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, transcatheter aortic valve implantation, High-sensitive C - reactive protein (Hs-CRP), interferone gamma
Received: 10 Oct 2025; Accepted: 18 Nov 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Vitez, Mihailovic, Bozic Mijovski, Jug and MATJAŽ. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Luka Vitez, luka.vitez@kclj.si
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