SYSTEMATIC REVIEW article
Front. Clim.
Sec. Climate Services
Volume 7 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fclim.2025.1699037
This article is part of the Research TopicImpact of Climate change on Plantation CropsView all articles
Mitigating Climate Risks in Coffee Production through Agroforestry: Global Evidence from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Provisionally accepted
Somashekhargouda Patil1,2*
Rudragouda C S2
Govindappa M2
Roobakkumar Amsalingam2Santoshreddy Machenahalli2
Pavankumar Jingade2S. A. Nadaf2
Kishor Mote2Uma M.S2Tintumol K2Yashasvi H.R2Yashaswini K.P2Chethan J2
Arun Kumar C. Huded1,2Ranjini A.P2Nandagopal N2Senthilkumar M2- 1Tissue Culture & Biotechnology Centre, Coffee Board of India, Mysore, India
- 2Central Coffee Research Institute, Balehonnur, India
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Background: Climate change presents mounting challenges to coffee systems globally, driving the search for resilient agricultural strategies. Agroforestry has emerged as a promising climate adaptation approach, yet its effectiveness across diverse outcomes and contexts remains uncertain. Objective: To systematically review scientific literature on (i) Climate change impacts on coffee production and (ii) Effectiveness of agroforestry-based adaptation and mitigation strategies using qualitative synthesis and meta-analysis for sustainable coffee cultivation. Methods: Conducted a comprehensive search across 13 databases, screening 3,357 records. Sixty-eight studies (2000–2024) met inclusion criteria, assessing agroforestry impacts under climate-related stressors. Data extraction followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted on 68 effect sizes categorized into pest/disease incidence, yield loss and quality degradation. Heterogeneity, bias and publication quality were assessed using ROBINS-I and GRADE-CERQual criteria. Results: Agroforestry interventions reduced climate-related yield loss (OR = 0.67 [0.56–0.80], I² = 0%), pest and disease incidence (OR = 0.79 [0.67–0.95], I² = 0%) and quality degradation (OR = 0.74 [0.63–0.86], I² = 0%). The homogeneity across subgroups suggests consistent benefits across agroecological zones. However, most studies lacked PROSPERO registration and conceptual framing. Conclusion: Agroforestry enhances adaptive capacity and farm resilience in coffee systems under climate stress. These effects are consistent across yield, pest and quality outcomes. To support theory-building, future studies should integrate resilience frameworks and improve methodological transparency. Findings provide actionable insights for climate-resilient coffee farming.
Keywords: Climate Change, Coffee, agroforestry, adaptation, Meta-analysis, Meta-regression, PRISMA2020, Systematic review
Received: 04 Sep 2025; Accepted: 17 Oct 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Patil, C S, M, Amsalingam, Machenahalli, Jingade, Nadaf, Mote, M.S, K, H.R, K.P, J, Huded, A.P, N and M. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Somashekhargouda Patil, patil4033@gmail.com
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