ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Dent. Med.
Sec. Pediatric Dentistry
Volume 6 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fdmed.2025.1573208
This article is part of the Research TopicImpact of Parental Education and Socio-Economic Status on Children's Oral Health BehaviorsView all 5 articles
SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS AND FEEDING IN THE FIRST TWO YEARS OF LIFE ASSOCIATED WITH MOLAR INCISOR HYPOMINERALISATION
Provisionally accepted- 1Madrid Health Service, Madrid, Spain
- 2Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Purpose: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) and socioeconomic factors in a sample of children in the Community of Madrid. Methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, and multicentre study was designed. After a previous calibration of all the examiners and following the diagnostic criteria of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD), children between 8 and 16 years old were included from among the users of the dental services of eight primary care oral health units of the Madrid Health Service. The children underwent a dental examination, and the parents were asked to complete a questionnaire on possible socioeconomic factors related to the appearance of MIH. Factors such as sex, race, parental education, area of residence, exposure to tobacco and diet in the first two years of life were analysed. With MIH (yes/no) as the dependent variable, the χ2 test was used to compare categorical variables between MIH and non-MIH children. A logistic regression model was made with MIH (yes/no) as the dependent variable and the independent variables being those that were clinically relevant or significant in the bivariate analysis. Their associations are expressed as odds ratios (ORs). Results: Females were significantly more likely to have MIH. The prevalence of MIH decreased with age. Residents in Parla had MIH more often than residents of other municipalities of the Community of Madrid. No other socioeconomic factor studied was associated with MIH.Conclusions: Residents in the municipality of Parla had a higher frequency of MIH, which was a municipality with a low per capita income. When comparing the presence of MIH in breastfed children, statistically significant differences were observed. Logistic regression, however, did not suggest that breastfeeding could influence the presence of MIH. Further study is warranted on possible socioeconomic risk factors for MIH, such as household income, to lower the incidence of this pathology.
Keywords: Molar incisor hHypomineralization, enamel, Pediatric Dentistry, Molar incisor, Dental defects
Received: 08 Feb 2025; Accepted: 03 Jun 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Ortega-Luengo, Ábalos-San frutos, Calama-Fraile, Garcia-Vazquez, Carballo-Tejeda and CALEYA ZAMBRANO. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: ANTONIA MARIA CALEYA ZAMBRANO, Madrid Health Service, Madrid, Spain
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