ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Dent. Med.
Sec. Dental Materials
Volume 6 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fdmed.2025.1575161
This article is part of the Research TopicInnovative Dental Biomaterials for Advancing Oral Health CareView all 15 articles
The Impact of Caralluma munbyana Extracts on Streptococcus mutans Biofilm Formation
Provisionally accepted
Abdulrahman A. Balhaddad1*
Turki Alshehri1
Israa Alkhalifah1Areeb Alotaibi1Abdullah Al Madani1
Basil Almutairi2- 1Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- 2King Saud University, Riyadh, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Background/Objectives: Caralluma plants have a wide range of anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. This study aims to assess the antibacterial effect of water, methanol, and ethanol extracts of Caralluma munbyana against Streptococcus mutans biofilms. Methods: Three extracts of C. munbyana were prepared using water, methanol, and ethanol. Multiple concentrations ranging between 2.93 to 93.75 mg/mL were achieved, alongside a control group with no extract, and incubated with an overnight culture of S. mutans. In the following day, the total absorbance was measured at 595 nm. Then, the biofilms were fixed and stained with 0.5% crystal violet to measure the biofilm absorbance at 490 nm. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc tests were applied to identify which specific concentrations differed from the control. Results: C. munbyana methanol and ethanol extracts significantly affected the total absorbance of S. mutans (P= <0.001) at 46.87 and 93.75 mg/mL. For biofilm inhibition, C. munbyana water extract was effective (P= <0.001) in reducing the biofilm growth at 23.44 (1.34 ± 0.08), 46.87 (1.31 ± 0.15), and 93.75 (1.04 ± 0.07) mg/mL when compared to the control (1.58 ± 0.11). More reduction was observed among methanol and ethanol extracts, as C. munbyana methanol extract significantly (P=<0.001) inhibited the S. mutans biofilm growth at 23.44 (0.99 ± 0.15), 46.87 (0.12 ± 0.02), and 93.75 (0.09 ± 0.01) mg/mL. Similarly, C. munbyana ethanol extract's biofilm inhibition was observed at the concentrations of 23.44 (0.45 ± 0.12), 46.87 (0.10 ± 0.02), and 93.75 (0.09 ± 0.04) mg/mL. Conclusion: These findings suggest that C. munbyana possesses antibacterial properties against S. mutans biofilms, particularly through its methanol and ethanol extracts.
Keywords: Absorbance, Biofilms, Caralluma munbyana, caries, Streptococcus mutans
Received: 11 Feb 2025; Accepted: 16 May 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Balhaddad, Alshehri, Alkhalifah, Alotaibi, Al Madani and Almutairi. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Abdulrahman A. Balhaddad, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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