ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Dent. Med.
Sec. Endodontics
Volume 6 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fdmed.2025.1636746
Cyclic fatigue resistance of a blue heat-treated engine-driven file with different angles of canal access using different kinematics; an in-vitro study
Provisionally accepted
- 1Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- 2University of Science & Technology of Fujairah, Fujairah, United Arab Emirates
- 3Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Objectives: To evaluate the effect of angle of access and kinematics on the dynamic cyclic fatigue resistance of E3 Azure rotary NiTi files at body temperature.Methods: Eighty E3 Azure files, 25/06, were randomly divided into two equal groups according to the kinematics used, rotation, and reciprocation. Each group was further divided into two equal subgroups (n=20) according to the angle of file access, zero degrees and 30 degrees. The files were placed in custom-made stainless-steel canals and operated using the manufacturer's recommendations for speed, torque, and angle of reciprocation settings till fracture. The time to fracture and the fracture length were measured. Statistical analysis was performed at a significance of 0.05.Results: Samples instrumented using reciprocation motion had significantly higher time to fracture than those with continuous rotation (p<0.001). Samples with zerodegree access angle had significantly higher time to fracture than those with 30º (p<0.001).: The motion and the angle of file access significantly influence the cyclic fatigue resistance of E3 Azure files. Reciprocation motion and a smaller angle of access improve the fatigue resistance of E3 Azure files. Clinical relevance: Reciprocation motion and establishment of straight-line access enhance the safety and efficiency of E3 Azure files.
Keywords: Angle of access, Dynamic Cyclic Fatigue, E3 Azure, Rotation, Reciprocation, Time to fracture
Received: 28 May 2025; Accepted: 01 Aug 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Eid, Kataia and Elsewify. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Tarek Elsewify, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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