ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Health Serv.
Sec. Health Policy and Management
Evaluating Rational Use of Disease-Modifying Therapies for Multiple Sclerosis Using Claims Data
Xiang Wang 1
Fei-li Zhao 2
David Newby 1
Shuchuen Li 1
1. The University of Newcastle School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Callagham, Australia
2. Beijing Health Economics Association, Beijing, China
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Abstract
Abstract Objective: To evaluate trends in the utilisation, cost, and switching patterns of Disease-Modifying Treatments (DMTs) for Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) under the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) in Australia from 2010 to 2021. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted using PBS claims data for 14 listed DMTs. Key outcomes included treatment uptake, switching behaviour, patient persistence, per-patient dosage, and direct drug costs. Results: The cohort comprised 2,315 RRMS patients initiating DMTs between 2010 and 2021 (73% female; mean age 41.9 years). Over the study period, the number of patients receiving DMTs increased fivefold, while total PBS expenditure on DMTs rose 4.5-fold (from AUD 109.4M to AUD 492.9M), representing a compound annual growth rate of 13.6%—significantly outpacing overall PBS expenditure growth. High-efficacy (HE) DMTs progressively replaced low-efficacy (LE) therapies for both treatment initiation and switching. Median treatment persistence was higher for HE DMTs (25.5 months) compared to LE DMTs (20.8 months). HE DMTs generally incurred higher per-patient costs; however, elevated annual dosages of the LE drug Interferon Beta-1a resulted in higher costs than some HE therapies. Conclusion: Rising PBS expenditure on DMTs was primarily driven by increasing numbers of treated patients, alongside shifts from low- to high-efficacy therapies and longer treatment persistence. Analysis of individual DMT utilisation identified higher-than-expected use of interferon beta-1a relative to DDD benchmarks, contributing to increased treatment costs. Overall, the findings demonstrate the value of claims data for post-market monitoring of medicine utilisation and expenditure and for informing policy review aimed at sustainable resource allocation.
Summary
Keywords
claims data, Disease-modifying therapies (DMTs), Drug utilisation, Multiple sclerosis, Post market monitoring, Real world data (RWD)
Received
29 September 2025
Accepted
04 February 2026
Copyright
© 2026 Wang, Zhao, Newby and Li. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: Xiang Wang
Disclaimer
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