REVIEW article

Front. Mar. Sci.

Sec. Coastal Ocean Processes

Volume 12 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fmars.2025.1603318

This article is part of the Research TopicNature-Based Solutions for Coastal Flood Resilience: Opportunities, Challenges, and Adaptation to Climate ChangeView all articles

Dynamic Cobble Berm Revetments: The State of the Practice and a Proposed Design Process

Provisionally accepted
Hailey  G. BondHailey G. Bond1*Meagan  E. WengroveMeagan E. Wengrove1Chris  BlenkinsoppChris Blenkinsopp2Paul  BaylePaul Bayle3George  M KaminskyGeorge M Kaminsky4Jonathan  AllanJonathan Allan5David  MichalsenDavid Michalsen6Kayla  OstrowKayla Ostrow1H  Rod MoritzH Rod Moritz7
  • 1Oregon State University, Corvallis, United States
  • 2University of Bath, Bath, England, United Kingdom
  • 3Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
  • 4Washington State Department of Ecology, Olympia, Washington, United States
  • 5Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries, Portland, Oregon, United States
  • 6US Army Corps of Engineers, Seattle District, Seattle, California, United States
  • 7US Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District, Portland, United States

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

Chronic coastal erosion is a recurring issue that threatens the built environment and the stability of public beaches. Dynamic cobble berm revetments, which replicate natural composite beaches, are a possible option for nature-based erosion mitigation on high-energy coastlines. Dynamic cobble berm revetments are composed of a sandy foreshore and an engineered cobble berm, which evolves over time while dissipating wave energy. While dynamic cobble berm revetment projects have been constructed over the past two decades, there remains a lack of engineering guidance for many aspects of their design. In this study, we summarize the current state of the practice for the design of dynamic cobble berm revetments. We first present a review of tools that have been used for dynamic cobble berm revetment design, including their basic assumptions and potential limitations. Following, we summarize the design and performance of five dynamic cobble berm revetment projects on the outer coast of the Pacific Northwest, USA, as case studies. Based on the findings of the first two sections, an informal survey of local practitioners, and the knowledge of the author group, we propose a design process for dynamic cobble berm revetments. The design process is not prescriptive, rather, it is intended to give engineers a framework to apply existing tools until the body of dynamic revetment research can support a more prescriptive design guidance. Finally, we evaluate our confidence in the suggestions and tools in the design process, so that engineers and other practitioners can understand the limitations of the current state of the practice.

Keywords: Dynamic cobble berm revetment, Composite beach, natural and nature-based feature, Nature-based solution, Coastal erosion

Received: 31 Mar 2025; Accepted: 30 Jun 2025.

Copyright: © 2025 Bond, Wengrove, Blenkinsopp, Bayle, Kaminsky, Allan, Michalsen, Ostrow and Moritz. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

* Correspondence: Hailey G. Bond, Oregon State University, Corvallis, United States

Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.