ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Mar. Sci.
Sec. Marine Pollution
Volume 12 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fmars.2025.1621429
This article is part of the Research TopicFate and Effects of Sediment and Emerging Pollutants in Marine and Estuarine EnvironmentsView all 7 articles
Multi-matrix contamination by cyclic and linear siloxanes in a highly industrialized estuarine environment of Korea: Source identification, seasonal variation, and bioaccumulation potential
Provisionally accepted- 1Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
- 2Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
- 3Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
- 4Korea Research Institute of Ships and Ocean Engineering, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
Select one of your emails
You have multiple emails registered with Frontiers:
Notify me on publication
Please enter your email address:
If you already have an account, please login
You don't have a Frontiers account ? You can register here
Cyclic and linear siloxanes are widely used in personal care, industrial, and consumer products.To better understand their fate and ecological risks in estuarine environments, this study investigated spatial distribution, seasonal variations, and the bioaccumulation potential of siloxanes in surface water, sediment, and in benthic organisms in an industrialized bay of Korea.Cyclic siloxanes exhibited higher concentrations than linear siloxanes across multiple environmental matrices, indicating their predominance and persistence. Water and sediment had distinct spatial distributions of siloxanes, which were influenced by local sources and hydrodynamic conditions. Industrial activities and power plant effluents were identified as major contributors to siloxane contamination in the coastal environment. Overall, the concentration of siloxanes in surface water was highest in winter. In particular, cyclic siloxanes showed a greater sensitivity to seasonal variation than linear siloxanes, with concentrations fluctuating significantly across sampling periods. The spatial distribution of siloxanes in sediment was strongly associated with organic carbon. Benthic invertebrates exhibited a strong potential for bioaccumulation of D5 and L9, with the highest bioaccumulation factors and biota-sediment accumulation factors among the detected compounds. These findings highlight the need for continued monitoring and management of siloxane contamination in industrialized estuarine environments.
Keywords: Siloxane, Cyclic, linear, Seasonal variation, Benthos, bioaccumulation
Received: 01 May 2025; Accepted: 30 Jun 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Chen, Lee, Lee, Lee and Moon. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Hyo-Bang Moon, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.