Role of miRNA in adult ocular tumorigenesis

Arianna Romani^1,2Elisabetta Melloni^1,2Giada Lodi^2,3Francesca Bompan³Rebecca Foschi^2,3Enrico Zauli¹Elena Pozza¹Paola Secchiero^1,2Giorgio Zauli⁴Maurizio Previati^1*Rebecca Voltan^2,3*

• ¹Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
• ²Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
• ³Department of Environment and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
• ⁴Research Department, King Khaled Eye Specialistic Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

In recent years, cancer research has made huge advances also thanks to the discovery of the role of non-coding RNAs in the control of tumorigenesis, tumor proliferation, migration and metastasis and therefore also in the diagnosis and therapy of tumors. This work aims to review the most recent literature involving the study of miRNAs in ocular tumors affecting adult patients. We will introduce the role of miRNAs in tumorigenesis, and we will focus on summarizing the studies on uveal intraocular melanomas in which a role of microRNAs has been demonstrated. Similarly, we will also cover observations on miRNAs and eyelid cancers, especially sebaceous gland carcinoma, and cancers of the conjunctiva and the retina, excluding retinoblastoma which is typically a pediatric-onset tumor. We will summarize specific miRNAs that have potential as diagnostic molecules or as therapeutic targets against some ocular cancer diseases, indicating their potentialities and limitations, considering also their administration as nanomedicine for the eye.