Risk factors analysis and prediction model construction of hospital-acquired pneumonia after traumatic brain injury

Xiaocong Wei¹Yi-Zi Zhang¹Min Guo¹Hai-Bo Tong¹Yonghong Wang¹Xiao- Qin Wang²Hong-Ming Ji²Bin Ren^1*Wu Hao^1*

• ¹Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
• ²Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China

Background: Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HBP) is a common and serious infections disease that affects the patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Severe pneumonia can lead to high mortality and morbidity in TBI patients. Therefore, it is important to investigate the risk factors and develop a prediction model for HBP following TBI. Methods: The clinical data of 285 patients with TBI, admitted to Shanxi Bethune Hospital and Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, were collected. Patients were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of pneumonia. Risk factors for HBP were identified, a predictive model was constructed, and its performance was validated. Results: Significant differences were observed between the pneumonia and non-pneumonia groups regarding several factors, including age, history of diabetes, smoking history, white blood cell count, platelet count, albumin levels, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score upon admission, thoracic trauma, craniocerebral surgery, and the need for tracheal intubation post-admission (P<0.05). Among these, age, smoking history, thoracic trauma, white blood cell count, albumin levels, and admission GCS score were identified as independent risk factors for HBP following TBI. The predictive model based on these six factors demonstrated high accuracy. Conclusion: Age, smoking history, thoracic trauma, white blood cell count, albumin levels, and admission GCS score are independent risk factors for HBP after TBI. The predictive model developed based on these factors shows strong predictive accuracy and clinical utility.