REVIEW article
Front. Neurol.
Sec. Neurotrauma
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fneur.2025.1560777
Non-Invasive Therapeutics for Neurotrauma: A Mechanistic Overview
Provisionally accepted
- Georgetown University, Washington, United States
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Traumatic brain injury is a leading cause of death and a major risk factor for the development of both memory and motor disorders. To date, there are no proven interventions to improve patient outcome after neurotrauma. A promising avenue of treatment has emerged in the use of non-invasive therapies for recovery after brain injury. A number of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques have been developed, such as transcranial direct current stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation and vagus nerve stimulation, as well as low intensity ultrasound stimulation and photobiomodulation therapy.However, standardized treatment regimens have not been developed. There is a clear need to better understand the underlying mechanisms of non-invasive therapeutics on brain injury pathology so as to more effectively guide treatment strategy. Here we review the current literature of non-invasive therapies in preclinical neurotrauma and offer insight into the potential mechanism of action and novel targets for the treatment of traumatic brain injury.
Keywords: Traumatic Brain Injury, plasticity, Non Invasive Brain Stimulation (NIBS), Blood Brain Barrier (BBB), Inflammation, Transcranial direct current electrical stimulation
Received: 14 Jan 2025; Accepted: 21 Apr 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 OLEARY, Main and Burns. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Mark P Burns, Georgetown University, Washington, United States
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