ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Neurol.
Sec. Stroke
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fneur.2025.1573036
Unsupervised machine learning revealed a correlation between low-dose statins and favorable outcomes in ICH patients
Provisionally accepted
- Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangx, China
Select one of your emails
You have multiple emails registered with Frontiers:
Notify me on publication
Please enter your email address:
If you already have an account, please login
You don't have a Frontiers account ? You can register here
Background: Statins were effective in preventing ischemic stroke in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Statins administered at normal doses may contribute to hematoma expansion. We employed unsupervised machine learning methods and found that low-dose statins improve the prognosis of ICH. Methods: We employed unsupervised machine learning techniques to analyze unidentified factors within a retrospective cohort related to the prognosis of ICH. In our prospective cohort study, data were gathered from ICH patients over a three-year period. Outcomes included mortality, cerebrovascular events within three years, unfavorable functional outcomes at three months, and hematoma expansion during hospitalization. Results: The heatmap illustrated distinct statin effect trajectories, emphasizing the substantial impact of lowdose statins on prognosis. The low-dose statin group exhibited reduced mortality (p=0.001), a decreased rate of unfavorable functional outcomes (p<0.001), and fewer cerebrovascular events (p<0.001). Both groups demonstrated a comparable rate of hematoma expansion (p=0.735). In multivariable Cox regression analyses, low-dose statins were associated with reduced mortality (RR=0.505, p=0.022) and decreased ischemic stroke occurrence (RR=0.354, p<0.001). Additionally, low-dose statins were linked to better functional outcomes (OR=0.594, p<0.001) but showed no significant association with hematoma expansion (OR=1.056, p=0.735).Unsupervised machine learning revealed a correlation between low-dose statins and patient prognosis. Subsequent analyses and validation indicated that for patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in the cerebral hemisphere, early administration of low-dose hydrophilic statins is associated with reduced mortality, and statins are associated with a reduced rate of ischemic stroke occurrence. For all ICH patients, lowdose statins are associated with a lower rate of unfavorable functional outcomes but show no significant association with hematoma expansion.
Keywords: Unsupervised machine learning, intracerebral hemorrhage, low dose statin, Mortality, cerebrovascular events Unsupervised machine learning, Cerebrovascular events
Received: 08 Feb 2025; Accepted: 29 May 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Cui, Guan, Long and Liang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Chaohua Cui, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangx, China
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.